韓國推動綠色成長產業中政府之角色

當今世界經濟正同時遭逢能源資源不足、油價高漲、以及氣候變化所引起的環境危機，先進國家與跨國企業爲尋找主導未來世界經濟的新機會，莫不積極開發再生能源技術與高效能機器，展開無限的綠色競爭(Green Race)。若要邁向先進一流國家，必須轉化當前氣候變化危機爲國家發展的新機會，及早做好準備，才能搶先進占未來市場，確保競爭力。韓國總統李明博在2008年紀念光復63週年暨建國60週年的文告，提出「低碳綠色成長」的新願景(New Vision)，隨即韓國政府公布「國家能源基本計畫」，期望2050年新能源與可再生能源利用率增加到20%以上；「綠色家庭」增至100萬戶；發展成爲「綠色汽車」四大強國等。2009年1月6日，韓國政府發表「綠色新政計畫(Green New Deal)」，以推動綠色經濟，創造就業機會(Green Growth for Green Job)爲目標，成立直屬總統的「綠色成長委員會」，負責政策方向與策略之設定及評估並發表「綠色成長國家策略與5年計畫」，期於2020年擠進全球前7大、2050年晉升爲全球前5大綠能產業強國；隨後完成制定「低碳綠色成長基本法」，該法施行細則亦於2010年4月6日由國務會議議決通過，綠色成長相關配備法制基礎於焉確立。台灣經濟發展、產業轉型的利基，除企業家精神外，政府在法規制度能跟上國際趨勢、政策方向不斷創新，也是重要關鍵。面臨此一世界綠色潮流，政府之政策在於將資源集中於能創造最大效能以提升國家競爭優勢的產業上，亦是其他已開發國家共同的作法。本文整理出韓國及台灣近年來，綠色成長產業政策的演進與政府的角色及未來綠色成長產業發展的挑戰與走向，以期有助於未來台灣綠色成長產業政策之制訂參酌。

關鍵字

綠色成長產業；政府角色；國家產業政策

並列摘要

The world economy is facing the crisis of energy shortage, oil price hike, and climate change-induced environmental crisis. Developed countries and transnational enterprises are actively developing renewable energy technologies in order to compete for the Green Race. Being an advanced country, one must have the ambition to transform the current crisis into new developing opportunities, prepare as early as possible for the upcoming market competitiveness.In 2008, Korean Government has announced the ”national energy basic plan”, with a prospect that by the year of 2050, renewable energy utilization will increase by more than 20%. Additionally, ”green family” will rise to 1 million units, and that Korea will become one of the top 4 countries in the world for green car manufacturing. Furthermore In 2009, Korean Government announced a ”Green New Deal”, for the purpose of promoting green economy, and to create employment opportunities. By doing this, Korea will become the ”big 5” in the green energy world.Entrepreneurship is no doubt the key in Taiwan's economic development. However, government's effort in focusing resources on innovation is also important. Facing the world's green race, Taiwanese government policy is to create the most effective environment to enhance national competitiveness.