韓國宗教漢字語與中、日用語的異同淺析

韓文中已甚少出現漢字，但漢字語仍是韓語的重要成分，尤其在宗教領域中更佔有極高比重，探究韓國宗教漢字語及其與中、日用語的異同，有助於我人瞭解韓國宗教語言文化以及三國宗教用語的特色。韓語的各種專門術語中，除了法律用語外，以宗教用語中的漢字語比重最高，其與中、日語的相似性也甚高，尤其是佛教用語更是如此，因韓、中、日都屬於北傳或漢傳的大乘佛教，所依者大都是漢譯經典。韓國基督教、天主教或聖經上的漢字語亦有相當部分為三國所通用。至於屬於韓國新興的民族宗教如大倧教、天道教等，其專門用語較少，但大都是韓國獨有。本研究以韓國「한글학회」所編纂的《우리말사전》中收錄的宗教類漢字語詞目為主要考察範圍，並依該辭典所分類的5種宗教7類語彙，即宗教、聖經、天主教、基督教、佛教、天道教、大倧教等，從中整理出韓式與韓日、韓中、韓中日間的同形異義、同義異形或同形同義語，宗教詞目中漢字語所佔比重，天道教、大倧教、佛教都在95%以上，天主教與基督教均約85%，宗教與聖經亦皆超過七成。天道教與大倧教的專門語絕大多數為韓國所獨創或有其獨特語義的漢字語，而宗教、聖經、天主教、基督教、佛教的漢字語，則均有八成五以上是韓中日相同或相通的用語，惟其中有部分在使用頻率或用法上略有差異。

關鍵字

漢字語；宗教漢語彙；佛教用語；韓中日漢字

並列摘要

There is rarely Chinese Characters in Korean now, but hanjaeo(Korean-Chinese characters) is still an important component of Korean Language, especially in the religious field, it occupies a very high proportion, Exploring the differences and similarities between the wording of Korean religious hanjaeo and the wording in China and Japan, it would help us in understanding Korean religious language culture and the characteristics of religious wording in the three countries.This study uses the terms of religious hanjaeo included in ＜우리말사전＞ edited by ”Korean Language Association” as the main scope of research, and utilizes the seven types of religious wording categorized in the dictionary which are Religion, Bible, Catholicism, Christianity, Buddhism, The Cheondo Religion, The Tejong Religion, the study organizes the same characters with different meanings, same meanings with different characters and synonymy of Korean, Korea-Japan, Korea-China and Korea-China-Japan. The Cheondo and Tejong are Korean ethnic religions; most of their special wordings are Korean-specific or have their special meanings, and among the five types of hanjaeo, which are Religion, Bible, Catholicism, Christianity, and Buddhism, have more than 85% of the same or similar wording in Korea, China and Japan, however, some of the wordings have small differences in appearing frequency and usage.