探討台灣生育偏低原因與解決對策

A Study in the Causes of Taiwan's Low Birthrate and the Countermeasures

羅應浮(Ying-Fu Lo) ； 潘瀅如(Ying-Ju Angela Pan) ； 謝孟璇(Meng-Hsuan Hsieh)

《生命教育與健康促進學術論文研討會論文集》 2008 (2008/04) Pp. 127-146

https://doi.org/10.29869/LIFEHEALTH.200804.0127

摘要

近年來台灣人口成長率逐年下降，社會型態慢慢邁入老年化社會。而不婚與晚婚者逐漸增加，造成少子化的現象，並且對台灣社會結構造成極大衝擊。到底是什麼因素的影響讓台灣邁向老年化社會，而又是受到何種因素使得年輕一代產生晚婚或不婚之行為導致台灣生育率逐漸下降，政府應提出何種適當的解決對策來扭轉此情況，而決解決對策又為何呢？即為本研究欲探討之動機。
本研究採模糊數學分析方法，鎖定各醫院醫療人員及衛生人員與相關領域研究學者，及已婚者與通婚而未婚者三類，對於台灣生育偏低以及解決方法對策之看法，依蒐集的87份有效問卷進行分析，以Microsoft Excel 2003等軟體作為資料處理與分析工具。經過整體評價結果顯示「養兒戚本問題」所佔權重值居首，其他依序為「小家庭制度」、「價值觀改變」、「醫療水準問題」等，為台灣生育偏低之主因。
本研究的對策求得乃先搜集相關文獻，以焦點訪談法來增加資料充足性，共計列出73條對策，我們商請了6位專業以李克特(Likert scale)量表，先進行整體對策之排序，然後針對每一構面匹配合適對策並給予評分，來提昇「台灣生育偏低」之對策的精確度與合宜性，最後將結論提供政府施政之參考。

關鍵字

生育率 ； 模糊層級分析法 ； 焦點團體法

並列摘要

The population growth rate of Taiwan drops year by year in recent years. As a result, Taiwan's society marches toward an aged one gradually. The phenomenon of Taiwan's low birthrate results from the increasing population of the citizens who do not wish to get married or marry at late ages, which greatly impact the population structures of Taiwan's society. The motivation of this research is to find out the factors that cause the low birthrate of Taiwan and make propositions to our government to cope with this ”population crisis”.
The questionnaires of this research focus on 3 targets: (1) related medicinal professionals (2) married couples and (3) singles who are in their marriageable ages. We collect their point of views regarding Taiwan's low birthrate as well as their propositions to solve the problems.
In this research, we adopt Microsoft Excel software 2003 edition to analyze 87 collected effective questionnaires. After evaluating the outcome, the weight value of ”the cost of raising children” is ranked in the first place. Besides, the weight values of ”the changing of family size-from big to nuclear family”, ”the changing of peoples' values” and ”the problems of medicinal treatments” are ranked in the 2(superscript nd), 3(superscript rd) and 4(superscript th) place respectively as important factors to this issue.
In this study, we collect relevant references and enhance the documents' sufficiency by means of focus interview. Seventy-three countermeasures are listed. Six related professionals are invited to rank the countermeasures by using Likert Scale. Each countermeasure is graded according to its feasibility, which improve the accuracy and suitability of the countermeasures. We hope to achieve the purpose of this study by providing the results of this research to our government for its administrative references.

並列關鍵字

Birthrate ； Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process FAHP ； Focus Groups