The Mental Restorativeness of Outdoor Recreation Environments

William E. Hammitt

《休閒與遊憩研究》 2卷2期 (2008/11) Pp. 1-17

並列摘要

This paper challenges the traditional ”re-create” definition of recreation, offering in its place a restorative orientation based on Attention Restoration Theory. It will be argued and demonstrated that we are not in the business of ”re-creating” something that has been lost, but rather, in the business of restoring people's mental well-being that has been fatigued. Outdoor recreation researchers and managers should be concerned with restorative environments and experiences, not the ”re-creating” of lost human properties and benefits. The paper begins with a demonstration to illustrate the difference between restoration and re-creation, follows with a conceptual presentation of Attention Restoration Theory and the components of restorative environments, and ends with some psychophysiological evidence from natural and outdoor recreation environments that support a restoration approach to outdoor recreation management. The conclusion proposes that we are restoration recreationists, with a philosophical role not much different from restoration ecologists, restoration architects, and restorative psychologists.

並列關鍵字

restoration ； recreation benefits ； psychophysiological values ； recreation environments

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