高中短距離選手100公尺速度、反應與下肢力量分析

目的：探討高中短跑選手100公尺分段速度、起跑反應時間(reaction time, RT)與下肢力量關係，並分析100公尺衝刺結束後之血乳酸值(lactate, La)，及提供檢測分析模式，以提供教練及選手於訓練上應用。方法：9名高中短距離運動員參與本次實驗，檢測下蹲跳(countermove jump, CMJ)、起跑反應時間、100公尺分段速度測驗並採集100公尺衝刺前和衝刺後之乳酸值，所有測試設定在專項期-I實施。以重複量數單因子變異數及皮爾遜積差相關進行分析與考驗。結果：100公尺最高速度出現於30-40公尺區間(9.00±0.26 m/s)，並維持30公尺後持續下降至終點；CMJ (44.94±4.34 cm)與RT(0.19±0.02 sec)皆與100公尺表現(12.14±0.30 sec)無相關；100公尺結束後La於第五與第七分鐘呈現最高值(9.67±1.07 mmol/l)。結論：本研究對象下蹲跳與反應時間與100公尺表現無相關，100公尺最高速度出現在30-40m階段，較國際選手早，且高速穩定距離亦較短，可能是由於能量代謝短缺、下肢力量不足與技術不穩定所致。

關鍵字

無氧運動；跳躍；衝刺；運動診斷

並列摘要

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the split velocity of 100-meter dash, reaction time (RT) and lower limb strength in senior high school sprinters. In addition, to analyze blood lactate (LA) concentration after sprint 100 meter to provide practical applications for coaches an athletes. Methods: Nine senior high school sprinters participated in this experiment. Countermove jump (CMJ), RT, the split velocity of 100-meter dash were tested, and the blood LA were collected before and after sprinting. All tested were performed during the specific phase I of training. One-way ANOVA with repeated measure and Pearson's product correlations were used for statistical analysis. Results: The peak speed was hit during 30-40 meter, and maintained this the way to 60 meter, then the speed was gradually reduced until 100 meter. Neither CMJ (44.94±4.34 cm) nor the RT (0.19±0.02 sec) were correlated with 100-meter dash; The peak blood LA concentration (9.67±1.07 mmol/l) were observed at 5 and 7 min after sprinting. Conclusion: No correlation were found between CMJ and RT on speed performance, and the participants reach their top end speed a bit earlier, and maintain their way shorter than the international sprinters. The reason were probably due to the metabolic shortage, insufficient lower limb strength and were not sophisticated skill.