運動對幼兒神經發展與認知功能影響之文獻回顧

Effects of Exercise on Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Young Children

黃嘉怡(Ka-I Wong) ； 詹元碩(Yuan-Shuo Chan)

《臺灣體育學術研究》 74期 (2023/06) Pp. 155-174

https://doi.org/10.6590/TJSSR.202306_(74).09

摘要

幼兒的認知功能及身心健康的發展，對其日後的學業成就及自理能力尤其重要。近年的研究指出，參與運動能有效改善幼兒身體及認知能力的表現，對個體的發展皆有正面的影響，當中包含影響心理及神經生理機制發展的成效。因此，本研究目的是探討運動對於幼兒身心發展及認知功能的影響。採用「幼兒」、「運動」、「身體活動」、「神經生理」、「身心發展」、「認知」等關鍵字於PubMed、Willey Online library、ERIC、SAGE、Science Direct、華藝線上圖書館、中文Google學術搜尋等7個資料庫，經篩選共納入13篇文獻作本次文獻回顧分析之用。結果發現：一、急性運動和長期的運動對於幼兒的注意力與執行能力有正面的影響；二、技巧性運動有利於誘發幼兒大腦神經系統促進大腦神經機能；三、運動能降低幼兒焦慮感，增加人際互動機會，對增進利社會行為以及提升語言表達能力。四、有氧運動及技巧性運動可能是提升幼兒認知功能較好的選擇，運動強度以及與認知任務間的結合為訓練關鍵。

關鍵字

急性運動 ； 長期運動 ； 神經心理 ； 認知功能 ； 幼兒

並列摘要

The cognitive development and physical and mental health of young children are crucial for their success in school and capacity to engage in self-care. According to research, participating in sports effectively enhances the physical and cognitive performance of young children. Studies have also indicated that sports have positive effects on various aspects of development, such as psychological and neurophysiological development. In this study, we investigated the effects of exercise on the physical and mental development and cognitive functioning of young children. We searched seven databases, namely PubMed, Wiley Online Library, ERIC, SAGE, Science Direct, Airiti Library, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "children," "exercise," "physical activity," "neurophysiology," "physical and mental development," and "cognition." We then selected 13 papers for a literature review. Our results indicated the following. First, both acute and chronic exercise have a positive effect on the attention and executive functioning of children. Second, coordinative exercise is beneficial to the cerebral nervous system and promotes the cerebral nerve functioning of children. Third, exercise reduces the levels of anxiety, thereby providing an opportunity for interpersonal interaction, which enhances the social and language skills of children. Fourth, both aerobic and coordinative exercise are a great choice for improving the cognitive functioning of children, and combining exercise intensity and cognitive tasks is a key aspect of training.

並列關鍵字

acute exercise ； chronic exercise ； neuropsychology ； cognitive function ； preschoolers

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