蘇格拉底對話法的理念及其在哲學教育中的應用：以「哲學思考與美好人生」課程為例

The Idea of the Method of Socratic Dialogue and its Application in the Education of Philosophy: Taking the ＂Philosophical Thinking and Good Life＂ Course for Example

王冠生(Kuan-Sheng Wang)

《慈濟通識教育學刊》 10期 (2016/03) Pp. 2-32

https://doi.org/10.6755/TCJGE.201603_(10).0001

摘要

本文探討蘇格拉底對話法的理念及其在哲學教育中的應用，並以「哲學思考與美好人生」課程為例，分析使用此方法在教學中的成效。由於哲學理論較為抽象，加上哲學文獻艱澀難懂，因此多數同學對哲學抱持敬畏感與疏離感，不容易進入哲學殿堂，也難以體會哲學思辨的樂趣。筆者於103學年度第1學期開授的「哲學思考與美好人生」獲得教育部公民核心能力課程計畫補助，在本課程中，筆者嘗試使用蘇格拉底對話法進行教學，透過對話培養同學批判性思考的能力。因此，本文將說明蘇格拉底對話法的理念、及其在「哲學思考與美好人生」課程中的應用、以及本課程的教學成效與反思。在本課程中，筆者主要設計「哲學思考實驗室」與「哲學經典閱讀」作為實踐蘇格拉底對話法的教學活動。筆者認為，蘇格拉底對話法讓對話論辯作為哲學教學的重心，使得哲學課程並非只是單向的傳授知識，根據同學的學習成效回饋，可看出其有助於提升批判思考能力。不過，如何提升同學的對話動機，以及在討論中提升哲學論證的完整性，將是使用蘇格拉底對話法進行教學必須面對的問題。

關鍵字

蘇格拉底對話法 ； 批判性思考 ； 通識教育 ； 哲學思考與美好人生

並列摘要

This paper intends to explore the idea of the method of Socratic dialogue and its application in the course of ＂Philosophical Thinking and Good Life＂. Owing to philosophical theories are more abstract and philosophical texts are more difficult, most students have very little interest in learning philosophy. In order to overcome these difficulties, I apply the method of Socratic dialogue in teaching. I hope it will promote the learning motivation and cultivate the capacity for critical thinking for students by way of this pedagogy. For accomplishing this object, I plan and practice two activities of small group discussion and reading great books. According to the feedback from students, it demonstrates that it really can promote the capacity for critical thinking, the capacity for reasonable communication, and the interest of learning philosophy for students. However, some students are often silent in class and the arguments in discussion are weak. These are the problems we should overcome in the future when we use the method of Socratic dialogue in teaching.

並列關鍵字

general education ； the method of Socratic dialogue ； critical thinking ； philosophical thinking and good life