長期照護機構災後火焰與煙層影響之研究

The Impact of Fire and Smoke After the Disaster in the Long Term Care Facilities

黃奕豪(Yi-Hao Huang) ； 陳亞凡(Ya-Fan Chen) ； 倪聖中(Sheng-Chung Ni)

《燃燒季刊》 113期 (2021/05) Pp. 28-42

https://doi.org/10.30041/CQ.202105_(113).0004

摘要

本研究以計算流體力學軟體（CFD）之火災動態模擬器（FDS），對某醫療院所進行火場災後重建，嘗試還原火場之火勢成長及煙霧流動情形，並於各居室、相關走道及公共空間佈設探測點，蒐集溫度、氧氣濃度、一氧化碳濃度、二氧化碳濃度之危害因子量化數據，加以探討該醫療院所內部之隔間區劃，於火災發生時煙霧流動蔓延對避難人員之影響。由模擬結果發現，室內隔間牆若未確實隔至頂端，或隔間牆管線貫穿部、施工開孔部等未施予適當的防火填塞，煙霧將透過這些通道擴散蔓延，再者透過各居室之獨立空調機運作加速煙霧流動；起火居室煙霧由迴風口進入天花板上方，再經過獨立空調機吸入並於出風口出煙，造成濃煙竄流至他處，導致室內人員避難困難。藉由火焰及煙層流動的分析，起火戶的房門即使起火戶的房門關閉，濃煙仍會藉由進、回風口及天花板上方隔間未至頂而流竄，導致其他房間無法快速撤離的住民因吸入過多濃煙而死亡，故在應變人員離開起火戶要確實關門外，應多方考量整建築物結構、隔間至頂、消防安全設備、教育訓練是否落實及管理層面等因素。

關鍵字

煙層下降時間 ； 醫療機構火災事故 ； 計算流體力學軟體（CFD） ； 火災動態模擬器（FDS） ； 退避時間

並列摘要

In this study, the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to reconstruct a fire in a medical institution, and attempt to restore the fire growth and smoke flow of the fire, with deploying detection points in each room, related walkways and public spaces, collecting quantitative data on hazard factors such as temperature, oxygen concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, and carbon dioxide concentration to explore the compartment zone inside the medical institution, the impact of smoke flow on the evacuation of people in the event of a fire, and further for the care service agencies or various types of places, the reference proposal and improvement measures at the time of establishment ensure that the fire safety facilities and equipment in the building can perform their functions effectively. From the simulation results, it is found that if the interior wall is not implemented to the top floor, or if the fireproof sealing is not applied to the penetration of the partition wall or the construction opening, the smoke will spread through these channels and accelerate the smoke flow through the independent air conditioner operation; The fire room smoke will flow through the return air inlet to above the floor, then after being inhaled by an independent air conditioner and emitting smoke at the air outlet, the smoke is rushed to other places, causing difficulty for the evacuation of indoor personnel. Residents and fire rescue personnel are recommended to leave the fire room within the evacuation time and close the door to prevent the spread of smoke widely.

並列關鍵字

Smoke layer falling time ； Medical institution fire accident ； Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) module ； Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) ； Evacuation time