北管細曲〈烏盆〉【大牌】音樂結構之探討

A Study on the Music Structure of "the Large Tune of Oo-Phûn" in Beiguan Refined Songs

潘汝端(Ju-Tuan Pan)

《關渡音樂學刊》 6期 (2007/06) Pp. 43-74

https://doi.org/10.29873/GMJ.200706.0002

摘要

〈烏盆〉是一套相當流行於北管的大小牌曲目，曲辭本事出自於「包拯審烏盆」，由於情節極具張力與戲劇性，相關故事內容亦被許多地方戲曲或是民間說唱採用。「大小牌」是一類具有特定形式的細曲曲目，其中稱爲小牌者，皆依其特定名稱的曲牌形式來創製，與傳統說唱的關係較爲密切；反觀形式不一的各個【大牌】樂曲，其來源卻與傳統戲曲有所關聯。依傳統作曲手法中常見的「合尾」模式，可將〈烏盆〉【大牌】本體區分成十二個長短不一的句組，這些句組或有部份旋律與曲辭多寡等差異存在，但從文中表例可清楚見到，每個句組在結束前皆出現了一個相同旋律，而全曲各句組所出現的變化，皆與此一旋律相關。透過此一分析方式，能更貼近理解該曲在最初創作時所呈現的音樂邏輯，對後輩學習者不論是在練習或是舞臺表演時，將有直接的助益。

關鍵字

北管 ； 細曲 ； 大小牌 ； 烏盆 ； 合尾

並列摘要

Oo-Phûn (烏盆, lit. black basin) is a popular vocal work from the genre of beiguan refined songs or 'tōa-sió-pâi' (大小牌, lit. large and small labeled tunes). Its text is derived from a Chinese folk tale called 'Bao Zheng Interrogates the Black Basin' Because of its dramatic feature of strong theatrical tension, the story has been adapted to many regional theater and narrative genres in China. The tōa-sió-pâi is a category of refined songs known as 'iù-khiek' (細曲, refined songs accompanied by a silk and bamboo ensemble) in beiguan. This song genre includes two subcategories called tōa-pâi and sió-pâi. Tōa-pâi shows much diversity and uses forms that have a closer relationship to theater music. Sió-pâi employs several labeled tunes using a prescribed procedure which reveals the musical relationship to narratives. Using a Chinese compositional format known as 'hewei' (合尾, designating similar cadence endings), the tōa-pâi of Oo-Phûn can be divided into twelve sections. Although the Length, phrases and texts are different among the sections, they all exclusively end with a similar melody. Moreover, the variations of each section are based on this melody. The result of the foregoing analytical method not only enables a clearer understanding of the logic of the music and its creation but is also very helpful to beiguan music practitioners for learning and reproducing this song suite.

並列關鍵字

beiguan ； iu-khiek ； tóa-sió-pâi ； Oo-Phûn ； hewei