超越十二音作曲法：論荀貝格創作中的宗教信仰與民族主義思維

Beyond the Twelve-Tone Method: A Review on Religious and Nationalistic Thoughts in Arnold Schönberg Music

顏綠芬(Lu-Fen Yen) ； 車炎江(Yen-Chiang Che)

《關渡音樂學刊》 17期 (2013/01) Pp. 27-47

摘要

二十世紀作曲家荀貝格，在二十餘歲時受洗歸入路德基督教會，並且以繼承德奧音樂道統自許，創作非調性音樂，建立起革命性的十二音列作曲法。然而，有人相信在他的新音樂表層之下，隱藏著他作曲「內在程序」的建立與轉變，宗教信仰與民族主義思維，是其中至為關鍵的二大因素。1930年代前後，荀貝格面對亞利安種族主義席捲而來的威脅，以及維也納持續高漲的反猶太狂潮，他重新反省並且認同自己的猶太裔血統與猶太教傳統信仰，令他在此之後的創作和其中展現的精神內涵也隨之產生重大轉變。但荀貝格以真正的藝術家自許，他追求的並非淺薄狹隘的宗教信仰和民族主義的表象，而是企圖藉此二者「表達他自己」，至終他將音樂藝術的創造昇華到「為藝術而藝術」的普世性價值，為世人所景仰。

關鍵字

荀貝格 ； 信仰 ； 民族主義 ； 十二音列作曲法 ； 音樂意念

並列摘要

As a personal belief, Arnold Schönberg converted to Protestantism in his twenties and committed himself to the music tradition of Germany and Austria to compose his atonal music and to establish the twelve-tone compositional method. Nevertheless, it is believed that there were certain ”inner procedures” in Schönberg musical ideas beyond his revolutionary compositional method, and which would very possibly be his religious belief and nationalistic thought of music. Suffering from the deadly threat of Aryanism and anti-Semitism in Vienna and Berlin around 1930s, Schönberg reflected on his Jewish root and re-converted himself to Judaism, so that his music thereafter encompassed enormous changes in his textual, musical, and spiritual content. However, as a true artist, Schönberg could never be satisfied with superficial religious and nationalistic façade, but expressed himself in a significant style of authenticity to realize the l'art pour l'art ideal and the universality in his music.

並列關鍵字

Arnold Schönberg ； Belief ； Nationalism ； Twelve-Tone Compositional Method ； Musical Idea

參考文獻

Babbitt, Milton(1960).Twelve-tone invariants as compositional determinants.The Musical Quarterly.46(2),246-59.

Babbitt, Milton(1958).Who cares if you listen?.High Fidelity.8(2),38-40+126-27.

Burkholder, J. Peter,Grout, Donald,Palisca, Claude V.(2010).A History of Western Music.New York:Norton.

Cherlin, Michael(2007).Schoenberg's Musical Imagination.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

Cross, Charlotte M.(ed.),Berman, Russell A.(ed.)(2000).Political and Religious Ideas in the Works of Arnold Schoenberg.New York:Garland.