客家戲曲的文化經驗與創作實踐：以曾先枝為例

Xian-Zhi Zeng's Cultural Experiences and Creative Processes Related to Hakka Opera

林曉英(LIN Hsiao-Ying)

《關渡音樂學刊》 24期 (2016/07) Pp. 75-108

摘要

2007年，客家戲曲資深編導曾先枝參與「苗栗榮興客家採茶劇團」錄製的《三腳採茶唱客音》影像光碟，由國立傳統藝術中心正式出版發行。而二十世紀初的1914年，一批客籍傳統藝術表演從業者，一行十餘人，於基隆港搭乘輪船前往東京，為日本唱片公司錄製一批唱盤。相距約百年的兩件事，因某些人事網絡的機緣牽引，勾勒出臺灣客家三腳採茶戲曲復振工程的一段淵源。本文藉由探討曾先枝其人的文化經驗與創作實踐，考察他與臺灣客家採茶戲的關係。透過曾先枝參與榮興客家採茶劇團所見留的部份戲曲編修作品，探求其藝術創作與生命經驗之間的連結關係與作品編寫特色。曾先枝年輕時曾多年「跨界」遊藝於民間「作場賣藥」、「廣播講古」等領域，然而，這未必可以純然以「出走」於傳統戲曲圈之外來看待之，反而應該將之視為是成就他日後編寫客家採茶戲曲劇本的重要歷練，是他「回歸」傳統劇界的關鍵踐履過程。此外，透過他的作品，可見證小傳統被大傳統包覆著，而個人的文化經驗與創作實踐，也會反饋到自身所處的藝術之中；所謂「集體創作」的戲曲作品，涵藏著當代人的回應。

關鍵字

客家 ； 採茶戲 ； 客家戲 ； 文化經驗 ； 曾先枝

並列摘要

In 2007, the Miaoli Rongxing Hakka Tea-picking Opera Troupe （苗栗榮興客家採茶劇團） produced the DVD Ten Serial Leaves of Traditional Hakka Three-Character Tea-Picking Drama, under the assistance of the senior Hakka Opera director Xian-Zhi Zeng（曾先枝）, published by the National Center for Traditional Arts. In 1914, a group of over 10 Hakka traditional art performers made a record for a Japanese record company, taking a ship from Keelung Harbor to Tokyo. These two events represent the 100-year history of the revival project for the traditional Hakka three-character tea-picking theater. By investigating of Xian-Zhi Zeng's cultural experiences and creative processes related to Hakka opera, I re-examine the relationship between Xia-Zhi Zeng's life and the development of Taiwanese Hakka tea-picking opera. Through some of Xia-Zhi Zeng's opera works, this paper explores Xian-Zhi Zeng's artistic creations, his life experiences, and his composition style. This paper indicates that during Xian-Zhi Zeng's early years, he used to “cross borders” and was involved with folk entertainment, such as ＂performing folk arts and selling medicines＂ and ＂storytelling and broadcasting.＂ However, this is not necessarily just an act of ＂walking away＂ from traditional opera, but an important experience for him when arranging and directing Hakka tea-picking opera later. This was a key process for him to pursue his ＂return＂ to drama. By examining his works, one may find that little traditions overlapped with great traditions, and personal cultural experiences and creative processes reflected in his works. Zeng's example suggests that in a piece of musical theater the so-called collective creation actually includes individuals' responses to their contemporaries.

並列關鍵字

Hakka ； Tea-picking Opera ； Hakka Opera ； Cultural Experiences ； Xian-Zhi Zeng

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