吳語區新建方言音系的幾個特點

Some Characteristics on the Phonological System of Wu Dialect at Xinjian Rural Town

陳貴麟(Guey-Lin Chen)

《聲韻論叢》 12期 (2002/04) Pp. 247-268

https://doi.org/10.29753/CP.200204.0012

摘要

新建方言屬於漢語方言吳語區南片處衢小片的處州細片。新建鎮位於縉雲縣的西北部，屬於西鄉地區。根據筆者於2001至2002年間實地調查的結果，其音節總數爲1,213個，聲母有29個、韻母有43個、聲調有8個。聲母的特點如：古全濁聲母變爲清音濁流；脣塞音聲母在-i和-ie前面讀成舌尖聲母；幫(p-)、端(t-)母字增音分化出m-、n-；白話音知端不分；止攝合三的舌根塞音讀爲舌面塞擦音。韻母的特點如：某些陽聲韻攝的洪音失去鼻音韻尾；四等之間略依介音或元音而有別；通攝東三、鍾的非脣音字有別；流攝一等有洪細變體，細音變體iu又有ium的自由變體。至於聲調方面，單字調入聲的塞音韻尾，快讀時會還原出來；連讀時變調現象相當複雜，牽動到詞彙、句法的範疇。

關鍵字

新建方言 ； 縉雲 ； 浙江 ； 吳語吳方言 ； 音韻學

並列摘要

In the Chinese dialect map, the Xinjian dialect belongs to the southern Wu dialect. The Xinjian rural town is located in the northwestern area of Jinyun county. This paper is based on the Wu dialect field study conducted by the author during 2001 and 2002. The author finds that the syllables are 1,213 and there are 29 initials, 43 finals and 8 tones in Xinjian dialect. The characteristics of initials are: a) sonant initials in Middle Chinese nearly to surds with breathy voice, b) P- replaced by T- in front of -i or -ie vowel, c) p- and t- replaced by m- and n- in nasal words, d) the words in Zhi initial- set same as the Duan initial-set in colloquial sound, and e) velars in the rounded 3rd division of Zhi-She changed to palatal affricates. The characteristics of finals are: a) the nasal feature of some words reinterpreted from coda to nuclear vowel, b) the relationship of the four divisions changed in glides and vowels, c) some differences in non-labials between Dong 3rd division and Zhong rhyme, and d) some words with medial -i- bifurcated from the Hou rhyme-set in Liu-She. Furthermore, we obtain a fact that there are two characteristics in tones: a) the glottal-stop coda of entering tone reappeared in the vernacular speech, and b) the complex tone sandhi.

並列關鍵字

Xinjian dialect ； Jinyun ； Zhejian ； Wu dialect ； Phonology