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  • 期刊

Non-Uniqueness Condition and Syllable Medial in Chinese Phonology

漢語音素分析之非唯一性及其與介音之關係

摘要


本文重新探討趙元任(1934)提出的音素分析可能有“非唯一性”之情形,認爲該情形係由漢語音節之CCVC結構衍生而來,而如果將這一結構重新分析爲CVC,則該情形並不存在。由於“非唯一性”意味著聲韻學理論具有隨意性與不確定性,因此應當避免。筆者進而指出CCVC巾的第二個C乃是專爲介音而設。這就造成音素在音節結構巾的非正常分佈。而且,對於似乎可以佐證介音存在的擬聲詞重疊以及反切語構詞中的形態音素變化完全可以採用CVC音節結構而獲致更爲合理的分析。我們既然無法從共時語言學的角度證明介音可以作爲獨立音素而存在,那麼只能認爲所謂介音乃是附著於聲母輔音上的次嶺音部位特徵。既如此,CCVC音節結構就沒有必要,而一旦採納CVC音節結構,所謂“非唯一性”的情形也就自行消弭。至於對這一情形從歷時語言學角度所作考量則是題外之話,完全不可用於共時語言學中的分析研究。而且,即便是對於歷時語言學和方言研究當中的一些語言現象,採用CVC的音節結構來進行解釋也可更加自然合理。

並列摘要


In this paper, I re-examine the non-uniqueness condition a la Chao (1934), and show that this condition is a by-product of the CCVC analysis of the Chinese syllable structure. I argue that such a condition should be avoided since it introduces arbitrariness and indeterminacy into linguistic theories. I submit that this can be done by adopting the CVC analysis of the Chinese syllable structure. I will then argue that the most reliable basis for analyzing the syllable structure is morphophonemic alternation, that while there is morphophonemic evidence for analyzing the prevocalic and post-vocalic portions of the Chinese syllable as individual segments, there is none for the syllable medial, and that reduplication and fanqie language formation processes which appear to justify the CCVC analysis are better accounted for with a CVC analysis.

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