桃園觀音崙坪客家話的語言歸屬

The Language Attribution of Taoyuan Luenping Hakka

徐貴榮(Gui-Rong Xu)

《聲韻論叢》 15期 (2007/12) Pp. 219-246

https://doi.org/10.29753/CP.200712.0011

摘要

桃園觀音崙坪地區的羅姓家族，自稱說「饒平客家話」。其音韻雖極似新屋鄉犁頭洲陳姓家族所說的饒平客家話，卻又在入聲的分化上有些不同。再經過深入調查，發現和桃園、新竹、苗栗的饒平客家話存在一些差異。尤其在「入聲」的聲調特點上，較似詔安客家話。如：陰入，饒平客家話調值是低降促調的2，陽入則是高平促調的5﹔崙坪客家話的陰入和陽入則各分兩套，似詔安客家話，卻又有些不同。要求其出示族譜，在手抄本中發現，原來羅姓家族來自舊福建省漳州府平和縣大埔祖庵邊老厝下，經比對也和現存的平和縣客家方言有稍許出入，如：古三等韻，大多沒有〔i〕介音。「扁」讀pen^31、「前」讀tshen^53、「連」讀len^53、「面」說men^31等是其較大特色。本文就透過實地訪查所得，從聲、韻、調或詞彙等描述該方言的語言特點，並與詔安、饒平、和現有的平和客家話文獻作一對比，看桃園觀音崙坪地區客家話的語言特點，以及此方言的歸屬。

關鍵字

崙坪客家話 ； 平和 ； 饒平 ； 詔安 ； 超陰入 ； 超陽入 ； 語言歸屬

並列摘要

The Rows(superscript h) family in Taoyuan Luenping says they speak Rao-Ping Hakka. After survey, their rhymes are like the Chens(superscript h) family in Siwoo LeeTou; however, it is a little unlike in the abrupt tone. Rao-Ping Hakka is different in Taoyuan, Hsin-Chu and Miaoli after deeper survey, especially in the abrupt tone which is like Jhao-An Hakka. For instance, the abrupt tone in Rao-Ping Hakka is low short tone 2, the lower abrupt tone is high flat short tone 5. The abrupt tone and lower abrupt tone in Luen-Ping Hakka is divided into two sets just like Jhao-An but somehow they are still a little bit different. In the treasurable manuscript of the family tree, the Rows(superscript h) family comes from old ”the ancient house in DaPuTsu, Ping-hen county, Changchofu, Fugian province”. It is a little different in Ping-hen county Hakka. For example, the ancient 3 rhyme doesn(superscript h)t have 〔i〕 except Gian set. The most particular parts are that ”bian” pronounces pen31, ”chien” pronounces ts(superscript h)en53, ”lian” pronounces len53 and ”mien” pronounces men31. This essay describes the characteristics of the accent in sound, rhyme, tone and vocabulary by exploratory study and makes contrasts with Jhao-An, Rao-Ping, and existing Ping-hen archives. The essay also points out the characteristics of Hakka in Taoyuan Guanin and the attribution of the accent.

並列關鍵字

Luen-Ping Hakka ； Ping-Her Rao-Ping ； Jhao-an ； Hyper-upper abrupt ； Hyper-lower abrupt ； Language attribution