試析《史記正義‧論音例》中的「清濁」對立

本文對張守節《史記正義‧論音例》中以「清濁」相對立的許多文字加以整理和分析，指出：該文的「清濁」表示當時人們容易混淆的韻母和聲母的區別，由此可以窺見八世紀初發音實況之一斑。本文並指出：張氏所舉的清濁相混的例子多數是南人發音的毛病，這似乎是避免譏諷諸王北方訛音的權宜作法。本文附帶也介紹上田正認為《王二》卷首「清濁」表示聲母不帶音－帶音區別的看法，藉以與〈論音例〉中的「清濁」對照。

關鍵字

清濁；史記正義；中古音；切韻

並列摘要

In the Lun-yin-li section of the Shiji-zhengyi, Zhang Shoujie enumerated 33 pairs of Chinese characters whose pronunciation made binary phonetic opposition Qing (clear) vs. Zhuo (muddy). The present author makes a critical text of Lun-yin-li, and observes that the first 11 pairs are pertaining to some specific characters which had different readings according to their meanings, while the following 22 pairs concerned the distinction of the underlying phonemes. The phonemic distinctions underlying the 22 pairs cover both initials and finals, the latter especially concern the distinction between the rime Zhi (to go) and the rime Zhi (grease). Zhang Shoujie states that these Qing-zhuo distinctions are very liable to be confused, and requires the scholars to keep them strictly. From his statements we can know that, at the first half of the 8^th century, the subtle phonemic distinctions in the Qieyun system as the norm of reading pronunciation were not easy to be maintained. It would be noted that the Qing-zhuo confusions stated by Zhang all concern the defects of the southern people at that time.As an addendum, the author refers to the view by Tadashi Ueda that the term Qing- Zhuo in the Qieyun Wang-Er fragment might express voiceless vs. voiced opposition of the initial consonants, which was not equal to the meaning in Lun-yin-li.

並列關鍵字

Qing-zhuo distinction ； Shiji-zhengyi ； Phonology of Ancient Chinese ； Qieyun

國際替代計量

試析《史記正義‧論音例》中的「清濁」對立

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