東南亞閩南語對外來語所使用的音譯策略－以《華夷通語》為研究中心

《華夷通語》是新加坡地區在19世紀末所出版的閩南語（漳泉潮）－馬來語辭典，其底本是林衡南於光緒3年（1877）所著《通夷新語》，後由李清輝校正後於1883年易名出版。此作為供當地華人學習馬來語之用，故使用漢字（閩南語）音譯馬來語以利華人掌握馬來語發音。馬來語音系與閩南語差異甚大，閩南語輔音為十五音系統，馬來語卻有28個輔音，韻母則反之，閩南語約有70－90多個（漳泉潮各異），馬來語系統卻相對簡單，因此兩種語言在對譯上語音自然無法完全契合。聲母方面：以來母字l對應馬來語的l、r、d、n；以微母字「勿」同譯b、m；或省略馬來語輔音h。韻母方面，雖閩南語韻母面貌豐富，卻有部分馬來語讀音超出閩南語的音系配置範圍，如馬來語讀音but、be／bə都以物韻字「勿」音譯，馬來語bin、ben都以真韻字「民」音譯。清末中國沿海一帶閩南人大量往東南亞出走，新加坡及馬來半島成為了重要的海外華人謀生之地，兩大族群緊密接觸，《華夷通語》就成為了當地華人學習馬來語詞句及發音的基礎，雖然兩種語言在系統上有實質差異，但對音上卻有一定規律。因此這部著作不但奠定了當地先輩華人學習馬來語的基礎，不少詞條更是融入閩南人的口語當中，形成現代獨具特色的東南亞式漢語方言。

關鍵字

《華夷通語》；閩南語；馬來語；音譯；外來語

並列摘要

Li Qinghui's Huayi Tongyu is a Southern Min-Malay dictionary, based on Lin Hengnan's Tongyi Xinyu (1877), which Li Qinghui revised and then published in Singapore in 1883. Its purpose was to help local Chinese learn Malay, so it transliterated Malay using Chinese characters in order to aid Malay pronunciation. However, the phonetic systems of Malay and Southern Min are very different. Southern Min has 15 consonants, while Malay has 28. The opposite is the case for finals. There are more than 70-90 in Southern Min, while the Malay system is relatively simple, so naturally the two languages cannot be completely matched by transliteration. For example, the initial consonant 'l' corresponds to 'l', 'r', 'd', and 'n' in Malay; 'b' and 'm' are both transcribed as '勿'; 'h' in Malay is omitted. Regarding vowels, although there is a varied set of vowels in Southern Min, some Malay pronunciations are beyond the range of Southern Min phonology. For example, Malay pronunciations 'but' and 'be/bə' are all transliterated with '勿', and Malay 'bin' and 'ben' are transliterated with '民'. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of Southern Min-speakers from the coastal areas of China left for Southeast Asia. Singapore and the Malay Peninsula became important places for overseas Chinese to make a living. The two ethnic groups were in close contact and Huayi Tongyu helped local Chinese learn Malay vocabulary and pronunciation. Although there are substantial differences between the two languages, there are certain patterns in their pronunciations. Therefore, this book not only laid the foundation for overseas Chinese to learn Malay, but much of its vocabulary was also integrated into the spoken language of Southern Min, forming a modern and unique Southeast Asian Chinese dialect.

並列關鍵字

Huayi Tongyu ； Southern Min ； Malay ； transliteration ； loanwords

主題瀏覽