岡嶋冠山《唐話纂要》標記假名的音韻探討－以陰聲韻止攝為例

岡嶋冠山編纂《唐話纂要》（1718）一書，是在進入荻生徂徠蘐園擔任「譯社」唐話指導之後的著作，可能是一本針對儒學者編輯的唐話學習教材。本文研究取材，主要從該書使用片假名記載的唐音為語料，仔細分析陰聲止攝字約2,899個片假名標音，觀察岡嶋用假名標示唐話的聲母與韻母所衍生的各種問題。本文在建立《唐話纂要》止攝音韻表過程，出現許多系統之外的片假名標音，經過仔細研究與探討，發現其中有作者在反映杭州音之外，也記錄了當時的官音南京音，甚至有疑似依照偏旁誤讀的讀音出現。經過本文研究，得到諸如假名標音有嚴格的系統性，舌根音尚未顎化，造成同字清濁兩標的原因，可能是岡嶋採擇方言讀音所形成。最後要說明一點，本文只是對《唐話纂要》止攝作音韻分析而已，所有得到的結論都不一定是《唐話纂要》全書研究結果，必須等待把全書音韻系統探討清楚，才能真正對岡嶋冠山在近世唐音的貢獻做一番正確的評論。

關鍵字

近世唐音；黃檗宗；唐通事；片假名；止攝

並列摘要

Touwa-sanyo (唐話纂要) is a textbook for Confucian learners, written by Okazima Kanzan (岡嶋冠山) in 1718 after he became a director of Touwa Yakusya (譯社) in Ogyu Sorai's (荻生徂徠) Ken-en (蘐園). Okazima Kanzan used Katakana to record the Touon (唐音); thus, this study investigates 2,899 Katakana transcriptions of Zhi-she (止攝字) of Yin-sheng rhymes to get a more comprehensive understanding of how Katakana represents the initials and vowels of Touwa. It is noticeable that several Katakana transcriptions were outside the system while constructing the chart of the phonology of Zhi-she of Touwa-sanyo. A possible explanation is that the author used not only Hangzhou but also Mandarin Nanking pronunciation. Some misread transcriptions might also cause by radicals. This study proposes two essential findings. First of all, there is a systematic correspondence in Katakana transcriptions. In the Touwa-sanyo, both velar and alveolar were not palatalized. This result shows an apparent contradiction to modern Hangzhou and Nanking pronunciation, which were already being palatalized. In addition, after comparing the result with Minnan's pronunciation, the Touwa-sanyo sometimes used both voiceless and voiced initials in the same situation. It might be because Okazima Kanzan chose dialect pronunciation to transcribe the Touwa. In conclusion, due to the research limitation, this study only reflects the phonological representation of Zhi-she. Thus, a more comprehensive investigation of all phonological systems of Touwa-sanyo is needed before commenting Okazima Kanzan's contribution to recent Touon.

並列關鍵字

Kinsei Touon ； Huang-bo-zong ； Tou-tsuuji ； Katakana ； Zhi-she

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