鐵人三項菁英選手三週高質量訓練有效提升身體組成肌肉量及降低脂肪率

Three-Week High-Volume Training Increases Muscle Mass and Decreases Body Fat Percentage in Elite Triathlon Athletes

魏振展(Chen-Chan Wei) ； 林惠美(Hui-Mei Lin) ； 蔡鏞申(Yung-Shen Tsai) ； 許志傑(Chi-Chieh Hsu)

《運動研究》 30卷2期 (2021/12) Pp. 57-70

https://doi.org/10.6167/JSR.202112_30(2).0005

摘要

緒論：身體組成會影響有氧耐力運動表現。鐵人三項是高度耐力運動項目，選手在賽場面臨多元的環境變化，而長時間的比賽過程，對選手體能消耗劇烈，為瞭解身體組成對三項運動的影響，因此本研究以不同等級的鐵人三項選手，同時接受三週高質量訓練，探討菁英選手與一般選手的身體組成及競技表現之影響。方法：10位鐵人三項選手，以最近一年內入選國家代表隊為菁英選手組（男：3名、女：2名；平均年齡：21.2±1.0歲、鐵人訓練年資：6.0±1.8年）及未入選國家代表隊為一般選手組（男：4名、女生：1名；平均年齡：20.0±0.5歲、鐵人訓練年資：3.8±1.0年），兩組安排三週高質量訓練，在實驗前後均接受身體組成檢測，並於二週後參加全國鐵人三項錦標賽。結果：鐵人三項菁英選手在三週高質量訓練後相較一般選手，肌肉量（+1.05 vs. +0.83kg, p＜.05）有顯著提升，脂肪率（-1.62 vs. -0.82%, p＜.05）顯著下降，體重無顯著差異。所有選手之脂肪率與自由車、跑步及總時間有正相關，肌肉量與自由車時間為負相關，菁英選手在跑步及總成績皆優於一般選手。結論：鐵人三項菁英選手三週高質量訓練可有效提升身體肌肉量及降低脂肪率，有助於跑步及總體成績的表現。

關鍵字

身體組成 ； 奧運標準距離 ； 體脂肪率

並列摘要

Introduction: Body composition affects endurance sports performance. Triathlon is an extreme sport that includes swimming, cycling, and running with two transitions. Triathletes face a variety of competition environments during the long distance competition that requires lots of energy. This study investigated the effects of a 3-week high-quality triathlon training on the body composition of two different levels of triathletes (elite and non-elite). The relationships between their body composition and the performance during a national championship (with Olympic standard distance) were evaluated. Methods: Ten triathletes participated in this study. Five triathletes who were selected to the national team within one year belong to the elite group (male: 3, female: 2; average age: 21.2 ± 1.0 years old, triathlon training years: 6.0 ± 1.8). Another 5 triathletes who were not able to get into the national team belong to the non-elite group (male: 4; average age: 20.0 ± 0.5 years old, triathlon training years: 3.8 ± 1.0). These two groups of triathletes received a three-week high-quality triathlon training and then participated in a national championship (with Olympic standard distance) after 2 weeks of training. Their body compositions were measured before and after the high-quality training. Results: Muscle mass was increased (+1.05 vs. +0.83 kg, p ＜ .05) and the body fat percentage was decreased (-1.62 vs. -0.82%, p ＜ .05) after 3 weeks of high-volume training in the elite group while their body weights remain similar. Body fat percentage of all triathletes was positively correlated with cycling time, running time, and total race time. Their muscle mass was negatively correlated with cycling time. In addition, elite triathletes had better competition performance compared with their counterparts. Conclusion: Three-week high-quality training can effectively increase muscle mass and decrease body fat percentage for elite triathletes, further the results can conducive to running and overall performance.

並列關鍵字

body composition ； Olympic standard distance ； body fat ratio

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