香港政府政策對運動員生涯發展之影響

在過去數十年之間，運動員生涯發展的議題受到廣泛討論，其在生涯轉換過程中，可能會面臨內在能力不足，以及缺乏外在資源支援的問題。過去研究指出，運動員在投入運動訓練的時候，通常都會忽略培養在運動以外其他領域的潛能，導致他們在退役時就要面臨各種挑戰。另外，亦有許多研究指出政府政策會影響運動員的生涯轉換。因此，本研究旨在瞭解香港運動員的發展進程，以及香港政府對退役運動員實施的相關政策與計畫，並探討計畫對運動員生涯轉換之影響。香港政府協助退役運動員的政策主軸是財政資助、事業發展及進修支援、個人發展支援。基於以上主軸，香港體育學院及中國香港體育協會暨奧林匹克委員會（簡稱港協暨奧委會）為香港運動員提供多元化的資源，讓運動員在專注訓練的同時也能夠探索與培養其他方面的專業與經驗，使得香港運動員達到全面發展。在2008年，港協暨奧委會成立「香港運動員就業及教育計畫」，從教育、生活技能、就業三個層面，全方位協助運動員退役後的生涯轉換。香港政府對於運動員的相關政策尚算完善，所以運動員應把握外在資源來提升自己的內在能力，使得運動員的生涯發展更順利。

關鍵字

香港退役政策；退役運動員；生涯規劃；生涯轉換

並列摘要

In the past few decades, the issue of athletes' career development has been widely discussed. During the career transition process, athletes may face the problems of insufficient internal ability and lack of external resource support. As a result, they may feel failure in the transition process. In the past, studies have shown that when athletes focus on training for sports, they usually fail to realize their potential in other areas outside of sports, which causes them to suffer a variety of difficulties after retirement. In addition, many studies have shown that the government has contributed significantly to athletes' career transitions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the career development process of Hong Kong athletes, as well as the relevant policies and programs that the Hong Kong government has put in place for the retired athletes. It also aims to investigate the effects of these programs on the transition of athletes' careers. The Hong Kong government's main policy to assist the retired athletes includes the financial subsidy, career development and education support, and personal development support. Based on the above approaches mentioned above, the Hong Kong Sports Institute and the Hong Kong Federation and Olympic Committee provide Hong Kong athletes with a variety of resources, enabling athletes to explore and cultivate other professionals and experiences while focusing on training, so that Hong Kong athletes can achieve all-around development. In 2008, the Hong Kong Federation and Olympic Committee established the "Hong Kong Athletes Employment and Education Program (HKACEP)" arogram comprehensively assists athletes in their career transition after retirement from three aspects: education, life skills, and employment. The relevant policies of the Hong Kong government for athletes are generally sound, therefore athletes should make use of external resources to enhance their internal abilities in order to have a better career development.

並列關鍵字

Hong Kong retired policy ； retired athletes ； career planning ； career transition

參考文獻

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