以區域觀點為運用的客家研究回顧（1960-2010）

客家研究（Hakka Study）在當代臺灣為一新興學門，許多學科透過跨域參與客家學（Hakkaology）的建構；其中，人類學與民族學者投入此族群議題尤不遺餘力。本文即整理以客家為研究區域或以客家為研究目的的學者們，在過去半個世紀（1960-2010）如何透過區域觀點，對建構客家學理論產生貢獻。首先討論華南客家研究興起的原因，然後採用幾個重要的區域研究取徑整理當代客家研究的某個思潮切面，包括經濟地理比較、祭祀圈、社會人口比較、區域文化變異，以及移民、僑鄉與文化變遷等。同時，本文也透過耙梳華南客家之主題計畫與區域研究成果，來探討客家認同與客家意識作為當前課題的緣起，以及先驅研究對後來投入學者的啟發。重要的是，客家研究經過區域分析，不僅展現出區域內客家文化在族群特色上的普同，同時也展現出普同底下之差異，反映的正是客家文化裡面，包含著無數個地方社會，客家研究學者不僅展現出對小區域客家形成探討的高度興趣，同時我們也因此更有機會歸納屬於客家社群整體的族群歷史性的幾個重要關鍵。

關鍵字

客家；區域觀點；人類學

並列摘要

Hakka Study is emerging subject in contemporary Taiwan; various subjects have stridden across the Hakkaologic structure. Among others, anthropologists and ethnologists have made a remarkable contribution towards Hakka topics. This study aims to explore the theories including anthropology, and the contribution that ethnologists have made in constructing Hakkaology in the past 80 years, especially on the comparative analyses of districts. First of all, it discusses the reasons why Hua-Nan Kakka studies spring up, and then it adopts several important theory paradigms to classify the thread of Hakka studies, inclusive of marketing system, religious territory, sociodemographic comparison, district cultural variation, and the change of immigrants, emigrants and culture. Meanwhile, through the investigation into the subject plan of Hua-Nan Hakka and district research results, the study further probes into Hakka recognition and Hakka consciousness as the beginning of current topics and the enlightenment that the pioneering research has caused for the later involved scholars. Through the cross-regional comparative analyses, Hakka study also reveals the shared characteristics of Hakka culture among ethnic groups, incorporated and in such context, the difference, reflect that numerous ”local societies” have been included in Hakka culture. Scholars of Hakka study show their great interest in the investigation into small Hakka districts, there by having an opportunity to summarize the significant factors on the historicity of Hakka.