異族通婚與跨族收養：日治時期前、中、後、先鋒堆客家與其他族群互動的軌跡

Exogamy and Adoption from Other Ethnic Groups: The Relationship of Hakka and Other Ethnic Groups in Qian-duei(前堆), Zhong-duei(中堆), Hou-duei(後堆) and Xianfong-duei(先鋒堆) during the Japanese-Occupying Period

林淑鈴(Shu-Ling Lin)

《高雄師大學報：人文與藝術類》 33期 (2012/12) Pp. 161-190

https://doi.org/10.7060/KNUJ-HA.201212.0161

摘要

本文以前、中、後、先鋒堆所在為研究範圍，收集現藏於麟洛、長治、竹田、內埔與萬巒鄉戶政事務所之日治時期戶籍資料。研究方法兼顧質量分析，研究者以異族通婚率、跨族收養率之資料為基礎，並訪查相關當事人。研究發現：（一）跨族收養比異族通婚更容易鬆動族群邊界。（二）提出客家與其他族群互動之量變與質變的假說，影響客家人口變異有不同因素，客家人因為跨族收養，可能比閩南與平埔族更容易流失人口，或成為隱形人，此因素可能促使客家人量變與質變為平埔、排灣、閩南人；而經由異族通婚可能促使平埔族量變與質變為閩南人；當異族通婚與跨族收養並行時，最有利於閩南人質量的雙重增長。（三）比較說明被異族收養的客家人如何展演「多元族群認同」。因為不同的生活機會，有人在代內或代間呈現不同的族群認同，子代不同於父執輩，可能認為自己非客家人，以上皆為多元族群認同。多元族群認同事涉當事人所處之社會、政治、經濟與文化氛圍，不僅是本質性的血緣因素產生影響作用而已。

關鍵字

異族通婚 ； 跨族收養 ； 量性研究 ； 質性研究 ； 多元族群認同

並列摘要

This research grounded on Qian-duei, Zhong-duei, Hou-duei and Xiangfong-duei areas, aims to collect household register materials during the Japanese-Occupying Period from census administration office of Linluo(麟洛), Changjhih(長治), Tsutian(竹田), Neipu(內埔) and Wanluan(萬巒) Township in Pingtung County. This researcher uses quantitative and qualitative methods; counts rate of exogamy and that of adoption from other ethnic groups, interviews related persons. Research findings are as follows. Firstly, there are some reasons to explain the changing boundary of the ethnic group through quantitative and qualitative aspects. One is adoption from other ethnic groups. The other is exogamy. The changing effect of ethnic group boundary caused by adoption from other ethnic groups is better than that by exogamy. Secondly, the hypothesis of variation of Hakka from quantitative and qualitative aspects is produced. There are always some reasons to cause Hakka population variations. Decreasing Hakka population by adoption from other ethnic groups is more obvious than decreasing Min-nan and Ping-pu population by adoption from Hakka groups. Hakka maybe change into ”invisible presons”, Pin-pu, Paiuan, and Min-nan persons by adoption from other ethnic groups. Pin-pu maybe change into Min-nan persons by exogamy. Min-nan has more advantages by adoption over other ethnic groups and by exogamy at the same times. Thirdly, we describe the plural ethnic identity of adopted Hakka by other ethnic groups and its performance. Some people considers themselves Hakkanese, change their ethnic identity under different life chances in one generation or different generations. Another ethnic identity is non-Hakka, different from his father's. All that is plural ethnic identity, not only related to blood relationship, but also to person's social, political, economic and cultural context.

並列關鍵字

Exogamy ； Adoption from other ethnic groups ； Quantitative method ； Qualitative method ； Plural ethnic identity

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