北美地區中文學校教學現況的調查與分析

本文旨在調查北美地區中文學校的教學現況，期能提供規劃海外中文學校教師研習活動和制定華文教育政策的參考。研究方法以結構式問卷調查為主，訪談法為輔；研究發現：北美地區中文學校的「教師背景」方面，碩、學士最多，語文教學科系畢業者仍居少數；在「教學現況」方面：大多數中文學校選用由北美地區教師所編寫的在地教材，教授簡化字和漢語拼音的中文學校極為普遍；在中文教師的「進修需求」方面：僑委會所安排的巡迴講座課程中，以華語文創意教學、漢字記憶法，以及課堂經營管理等課程最受歡迎；而如何吸引學生的學習興趣，是海外中文學校教師最重視的一個問題。研究結論：目前北美地區中文學校已逐漸轉型，以華語為第二語言的教與學已然成形；中文教師是海外華文教育事業的支柱，而對海外華文師資的培訓工作，正是華文教育的一個重要環節；未來海外華語師資的培訓，應重視與主流師資教育接軌；海外華語教師培訓，無論師資或課程都應在土化；此外，短期的在職培訓和正式的師資教育要齊頭並進，如此才是壯大華文教育的根本之道。

關鍵字

北美地區；中文學校；師資專業發展；華文教育

並列摘要

The intent of this paper is to survey the educational situation of Chinese schools in the region of North America and to determine the continuing developmental needs of teachers regarding skills and training. It is hoped that this paper can serve as a reference to be used in Chinese school teacher training programs overseas. The primary research methods used in this paper are mainly questionnaire surveys supplemented with interviews. This paper emphasizes through analysis of social change and discusses the impact of the ”global Chinese language study wave” on Chinese schools and potential for future development during this crucial period. Furthermore, this paper also discusses the problems and challenges faced by overseas Chinese schools in teacher training and continuing education. It has been discovered in this research that the main problem faced by teachers in overseas Chinese schools with regards to teacher training is how to elicit and keep up students' interest in the classes and so it is a problem the teachers are particularly concerned with. Regarding continuing education and training, training courses that combine theory and practice are particularly welcomed, especially innovative Chinese language instruction and the transmission of effective teaching methods and techniques as well as classroom management and application techniques. These issues are the most urgent requirements of overseas Chinese school teachers and should be at the core of teacher training programs. The suggestions that this paper presents are the localized training of overseas Chinese school teachers is becoming more and more urgent and important. In planning and executing the content of Chinese teacher training programs for overseas Chinese schools, these programs must be streamlined and linked up with mainstream (public) schools.