無常觀－論鄭愁予詩的生命意識

鄭愁予巧妙鎔鑄傳統詩情與現代感覺，華美聲籟騷動詩壇一甲子，唯詩中生命無常、人道悲憫等知性維度，長久以來被抒情浪漫特色所遮蔽，相關討論文章付諸闕如。本文探究鄭詩的生命意識，揭示意識之緣起、內涵與呈顯，擬從佛說無常切入，辨析「無常」的文學轉化，及其在詩中流佈蘊藉，匯集成生命終極關懷之意義。首先，釐清無常觀係外化，或恆在內層世界、賦性本有？其次，透過詩作的詮解，分從「悲憫流逝無常」、「了悟生死無常」兩方面，闡釋詩人孜孜關切人類生存狀況的詩心，正符應其生命意識。餘論則循上述路徑，入窺鄭愁予知性世界，進而拈舉「人道」一詞，標誌其詩魂之根源與歸趨。

關鍵字

鄭愁予；無常觀；生死；人道

並列摘要

Zheng Chou-Yu artfully harmonizes traditional idylls and modern feelings. His poetry brought into play sounds of nature in the field of poetry for six decades. However, the rational dimensions from his poetry such as life impermanence, sympathy for humanity have been shadowed by romance for a long time so that few papers were focused on this issue.This paper tries to explore the consciousness of life and the origin, contents, and manner of the consciousness from his poetry. From the Buddhist view, this paper analyzes the literary transformation of life impermanence, and how this kind of life impermanence is distributed in his poetry, converging on the meaning of ultimate caring of life.Firstly, this paper points out that the concept of life impermanence is derived from the environmental externalization, or from the inner world. Secondly, it annotates Zheng's poetry from ＂sympathizing the impermanence of pass＂ and ＂realizing the impermanence of life＂ respectively to explain that he sincerely cares about human beings' living conditions.This just corresponds to his consciousness of life. In addition, Zheng Chou-Yu's rational world is addressed, with ＂humanity＂ further enumerated, and the origin and tendency of his true spirit in the poetry highlighted.