學前兒童構音評估工具的發展

The Development of an Articulation Test for Preschool Mandarin Speaking Children

鄭靜宜(Jing-Yi Jeng)

《高雄師大學報：教育與社會科學類》 40期 (2016/06) Pp. 59-83

摘要

由於目前國內缺乏標準化的兒童構音評估工具，本研究的目的在發展一套適用於學前兒童的構音評估工具，以供聽語教育與臨床使用。構音評估工具的建構有三層次：詞語、句子和短篇連續說話，各對應於三個分測驗，包括詞語構音分測驗、語句構音分測驗、連續圖片描述分測驗。構音評估重點以華語21個聲母為主，施測介面以電腦動畫Flash 程式編寫而成。測驗施測採用一對一方式，以觸控電腦施測。測驗的常模蒐集台灣416位學前兒童的語料，取樣的地區包括台北、台中和高雄三個地區。取樣兒童年齡介於三歲至六歲間，分有四組：三足歲組、四足歲組、五足歲組和六足歲組。施測的幼稚園根據教育局登記名冊，以隨機選取後獲園方同意後施測。統計分析結果在信度方面，詞語分測驗的內部一致性Cronbach's α 係數為.88；重測信度(N=38)在三個分測驗分別為.96、.92及.75（依序為詞語構音分測驗、語句構音分測驗、連續圖片描述分測驗）；評分者間信度(N＝30)在三個分測驗分別為.91、.83及.91（順序同上）。在效度方面，以華語構音／音韻臨床測驗工具為效標，和詞語分測驗分數之相關達.89(p＜.05)。在建構效度方面，三個分測驗皆顯示隨著年齡的增加，構音正確率增加的趨勢，符合預期的構音能力發展的概念，且三個分測驗分數之間的相關皆在.70以上。整體顯示：此評估工具可有效測量學齡前兒童的構音能力；此項評估工具將有助於臨床上對學前兒童語音異常的篩選、診斷與介入。

關鍵字

構音能力 ； 語音異常 ； 聲母 ； 構音異常 ； 電腦化構音測驗

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to develop a standardized articulation test for preschool Chinese-speaking children. This test consists of three subtests, including a word articulatory test, a sentence articulatory test, and a serial picture test. There are 36 items in the word test and 12 sentences in the sentence test. The Mandarin 21 initial consonants were the focus of this test. All the children were individually tested by using computers with Flash animation pictures. There were 416 preschool children participating, and according to their age they were divided as four groups, including 3-years-olds, 4- years-olds, 5-years-olds, and 6-years-olds. The test results show that the Cronbach's coefficient was .88 for the word articulatory test. The test-retest reliability after one week was .96, .92 and .75 for the word articulatory test, the sentence articulatory test, and the picture test, respectively. The inter-rater reliability was .91, .83 and .91 for the word articulatory subtest, the sentence articulatory subtest, and the picture subtest, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis results show there was solid evidence for concurrent validity and construct validity. For concurrent validity, there was a strong correlation between the scores of word subtest and those of the Mandarin articulatory/phonological test (r= .89, p＜.05). For construct validity, there shows a developmental progression trend of correct rates on three subtests. These results show this test is suitable for the assessment of preschool children. This test battery can be helpful for the screen, diagnosis and intervention of the children with articulatory disorders (or speech sound disorders) in the clinical practice.

並列關鍵字

Articulatory tests ； initial consonants ； speech sound disorders ； articulatory disorders ； computerized articulatory tests

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