應用模糊德爾菲法建構休閒漁業發展策略指標之研究

為因應漁產資源遭受到嚴重的破壞，以及漁業環境變遷與民眾生活型態改變，漁業署自1991年開始積極推動傳統漁業轉型發展休閒漁業，透過漁港遊憩、漁貨直銷、海鮮品嚐、賞鯨、海釣及海洋生態觀光的方式，同時兼具漁業體驗、生態保育及觀光遊憩的功能。因此本研究利用資源基礎理論之觀點，探討休閒漁業發展所需之條件及策略，透過第一階段的文獻蒐集及專家訪談初擬原始評估因子及建立層級架構，建構出7大構面42項準則，分別為：漁港基礎設施需擁有具備完善且規劃公共設施等；漁業內部環境是擁有良好的環境品質有助於休閒漁業的發展，營造舒適的空間；漁業特色產品是指從漁業相關產業所產出的商品，是發展的主要核心資源；當地社區居民是指在漁村、漁港周遭的居民與社區團體，帶動漁業經濟；漁業活動體驗進行與漁業相關的生活體驗並滿足心理上的需求及體驗感受；台灣漁業文化為認識漁港擁有的歷史文化，透過教育展示、節日慶典等方式吸引遊客前往；組織管理能力透過組織完善、專業的規劃能夠為休閒漁業的發展帶來更有效率的執行。第二階段透過產、官、學各領域專家之共識利用模糊德爾菲法確認休閒漁業發展之關鍵準則，篩選出7大構面23項準則，用以建構出休閒漁業發展重要性的評估指標，使休閒漁業發展更為有利並可做為發展的依據，讓休閒漁業永續發展得更加完善。

關鍵字

休閒漁業；資源基礎理論(RBT) ；模糊德爾菲法(FDM)

並列摘要

Aquatic resources are severely damaged. Thus, in order to respond to the changes of fishery environments and people's life style, since 1991, the Fisheries Agency has actively promoted the transformation of traditional fisheries to Recreational Fishery. The leisure activities of fishing ports, direct sales of aquatic products, seafood tasting, whale watching, sea fishing, and marine ecology tourism are based on the functions of fishery experience, ecological conservation, and tourism. Thus, from the perspective of the Resource-Based Theory, this study explores the conditions and strategies required to develop Recreational Fisheries. Through literature collection and expert interviews in the first phase, this study primarily establishes evaluation indicators and the hierarchical framework, and constructs 7 dimensions with 42 criteria, which include a complete infrastructure for fishing ports and the planning of public facilities; regarding internal fishery environments, positive environmental quality enhances the development of Recreational Fisheries and the creation of comfortable spaces; the featured products of fisheries are those produced by fishery related industries, and are main core resources for development. Local community residents refer to residents and community groups in fishing villages and around fishing ports, as they trigger the fishery economy; meaning fishery activity experiences, fishery related life experiences, and satisfaction with psychological needs and experiential perceptions. The fishery culture of Taiwan displays the history and culture of fishing ports and attracts tourists through educational demonstrations and festivals. Regarding organizational management competence, complete organizational and professional planning can lead to more efficient execution of the development of Recreational Fisheries. At the second phase, through the common consensus of industrial, official, academic experts, and the Fuzzy Delphi Method, this study validates the key criteria of Recreational Fishery development, and screens 7 dimensions with 23 criteria to establish the critical evaluation indicators of Recreational Fishery development. Therefore, this study strengthens Recreational Fishery development, serves as a reference for development, and completes the sustainable development of Recreational Fisheries.