國小五年級資優生解空間關係問題的解題歷程

A Study on the Processes of Solving Spatial-Relation Questions for Fifth-Grade Gifted Students

呂玉琴(Yuh-Chyn Leu) ； 呂佳蓉(Chia-Jung Lu)

《高雄師大學報：自然科學與科技類》 35期 (2013/12) Pp. 33-59

摘要

本研究在探究國小五年級資優生解空間關係問題的解題歷程。本研究以半結構式訪談來收集資料。訪談問題含空間關係的三個分項目「二維平面旋轉」、「繞軸旋轉」和「三維立體旋轉」各兩題，以瞭解五位研究對象解空間關係問題的解題歷程。研究結果發現：（1）在瞭解「繞軸旋轉－原物件與旋轉軸有連接處問題」的題意方面，只有一位研究對象能夠自行瞭解題意，其它五題對於五位研究對象來說，都能夠自行瞭解題意；（2）採用「以部分作旋轉」的擬定計畫，會有較好的解題表現；（3）執行計畫的結果顯示，若給定的原物件所包含的元素較多，會增加題目的困難度；（4）解題後有進行回顧解答的解題表現，略優於沒有進行回顧解答的解題表現；（5）五位研究對象都展現多元的解題策略，所有的解題策略共可分成五類，即聯想經驗、尋找關係、旋轉、推理刪去、創造表徵。其中的創造表徵是本研究新發現的解題策略。

關鍵字

空間關係 ； 解題策略 ； 解題歷程 ； 資優生

並列摘要

This research is to investigate the processes of how talented fifth graders solve spatial relationship problems. The research method is semi-structural interview. The interview consists of six questions, with two on each of the following three categories: 2-D rotation, axial rotation, and 3-D rotation. The purpose of the interview is to understand five talented students' problem-solving processes. Research results are as follows: (1) All students have no trouble in understanding all questions, except one on axial rotation. It is a question that evaluates their concept of ”there is a connection between the original figure and the rotation axis”. Only one out the five students can understand the meaning of this question; (2) Students have better performance if they apply the ”partial rotation” strategy during the planning stage; (3) Regarding the executing stage, if there are more elements given in the figure, it becomes a more difficult problem for the student s; (4) Students have slightly better performance on solving spatial relationship problems if they go through the stage of reviewing solution; (5) All five students are good at utilizing diverse problem-solving strategies. There are five types of strategies: experience of association, relationship search, rotation, deductive deletion and creative representation. We find creative representation to be a new problem-solving strategy.

並列關鍵字

Spatial relationship ； problem-solving strategy ； problem-solving process ； gifted students