溫度因子對磷酸鋰鐵電池充放電效能之影響初探

蔡銘吉 ； 蕭玨騫 ； 鍾官榮

《研究與創新》 12期 (2011/01) Pp. 7-12

https://doi.org/10.29603/ZHWHGX.201101.0003

摘要

本文以磷酸鋰鐵（LiFeP04）電池為研究標的，自行研製電池充放電電路及組裝量測系統，使用恆溫恆濕環境試驗櫃進行磷酸鋰鐵電池在-30℃至55℃環境下之充放電實驗，探討溫度因子對磷酸鋰鐵電池的充放電效能影響。結果顯示自行研製之磷酸鋰鐵電池之充放電電路系統能正常運作；充放電實驗在高溫方面，磷酸鋰鐵電池之充放電電量較室溫（25℃）為高，表示電池之充放電效率在高溫環境優於常溫環境。原因是磷酸鋰鐵電池在高溫條件下之充放電時間間距增加且內部阻抗較低，表示溫度越高對於電池內部化學反應更完全，使得電池具有更好的效率。另一方面，磷酸鋰鐵電池在低溫條件下之充放電效率明顯比室溫（25℃）時差，尤其在低於溫度-20℃下其總放電電量衰減78％；在低於溫度-30℃下更是衰減至94％，顯示溫度越低對於磷酸鋰鐵電池的不良影響越大，此舉限制了其作為汽車電池在各種溫度環境下的應用性（尤其是低溫環境）。

關鍵字

磷酸鋰鐵電池 ； 充放電電路 ； 充放電效能 ； 充放電電量

並列摘要

In this paper, we designed and assemblied the battery charge-discharge circuits and measurement equipment for LiFeP04 cells, and study the effects of temperature factors(-30℃~55℃)to the charge-discharge efficiency of battery cells using the programmable temperature and humidity environmental test chamber. The charge-discharge experiments present that times of charge-discharge at higher temperatures are longer than that of ambient one and the inner resistant of the cells is lower than that of ambient one resulting the efficiencies of LiFeP04 cell at higher temperatures are better than that of ambient one. On the other hand, times of charge-discharge at lower temperatures are shorter than that of ambient one resulting the efficiencies of LiFeP04 cells at lower temperatures are worse than that of ambient one. Moreover, the efficiency of discharge at -20℃ and -30℃ decreases 78% and 95% respectively compared to the ambient temperature. Therefore, the negative effect of lower temperature to the efficiency of LiFeP04 cells is obviously so that limits the applications of them in automobile operated at various temperatures, especially at the low temperatures.

並列關鍵字

LiFeP04 cells ； charge-discharge circuits ； efficiency of battery ； battery capacity