當女兒成為媳婦：已婚女性生活經驗的表徵與現實

The Representation and Reality in Life Experience of Married Women

謝玉玲(Yu-Ling Hsieh)

《當代社會工作學刊》 6期 (2014/09) Pp. 1-49

摘要

傳統華人社會中，性別在婚姻內有不同的處境，已婚女性背負的媳婦身份存有義務性的責任與社會文化的期待，但當代媳婦所處的情境及其觀點卻少被關注。本研究訪談十三位婦女，訪談過程經錄音並繕打逐字稿，採行詮釋現象學取徑分析，期望對當代已婚女性的生活經驗與代間處境有更多的闡釋。研究發現當代已婚女性的生活樣貌呈現在女兒成為媳婦時，生活空間的轉折，這些轉折於意味著個人的知覺與感受的差異，包括媳婦／女兒身份的斷裂、身份認同的改變、及家人／家屋的轉變歷程。已婚女性她們的故事敘說著身為父系家庭天倫樂的廚娘、媳婦的生活具有非本真的生活樣貌。當代媳婦遭逢從父權社會到個人主義之多元價值與信念盛行的轉渡期，性別的不平等仍普遍存在她所處的代間情境當中。受到性別角色的傳統刻板形象所綑綁的同時，也逐漸開始摸索出新的出路，對於媳婦角色的學習與修正，並嘗試切割伴隨婚姻而來的代間關係的衝突。她們的故事呈現當代中間世代婦女的性別意識覺醒，於父權、父系、父居家庭結構裡，對於傳統已婚女性角色的撼動與一種解放的路徑。

關鍵字

生活經驗 ； 代間處境 ； 性別 ； 媳婦

並列摘要

In traditional Chinese society, gender determines people's situations within marriages. Married women as roles of 'daughters- in-law' are charged with much obligation, responsibility and expectation under traditional social and cultural environments. However, few studies have been designed to understand contemporary daughters-in-law's perspective. This study, thirteen daughters-in-law were interviewed. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and then analyzed by hermeneutic phenomenological approach to interpret their life experience in intergenerational situation. Results indicated that life experience of married women is toward daughter to become daughter-in-law, the turning point focused on the transformation of living space. The living space implied personal perception and feeling, including the identity fracture and shift between daughters-in-law and daughters, as well as the changing process from family to house. In the narratives, married women told the stories how they performed chefs who attained harmonious family under patrilineal society, and they also showed their living as daughters-in-law appeared inauthentic. In modern society, daughter-in-law encounters diverse values and beliefs because our society is gradually transformed from patriarchalism to individualism. Gender-based inequity remains the prevalent scenario in intergenerational situation. They begin to relearn and adjust the roles of daughter-in-law, try to escape from the intergenerational conflicts accompanied by marriages. Results indicated the growing gender consciousness of contemporary married women has shaken the traditional role norms for daughters-in-law, and also shows a path of liberation.

並列關鍵字

daughters-in-law ； gender ； intergenerational situation ； life experience