探路研究的方法及應用

The Method and Application of Wayfinding Studies

陳俊文(Chun-Wen Chen) ； 游萬來(Man-Iai You) ； 邱上嘉(Shang-Chia Chiou)

《設計研究》 3期 (2003/07) Pp. 222-234

https://doi.org/10.30178/SJYJ.200307.0021

摘要

探路（wayfinding）是環境心理學中的重要議題，建築學者Passini是從事探路研究的先驅之一。本文從Passini進行的探路研究所使用的方法，探討說明其資料收集、資料編碼、註記系統等方法，進而嘗試應用於探路用的地圖設計。探路研究在實際的場域進行測試，首先給予受測者若干目標地名稱，受測者必需自行探路，找到實際目標地。研究者使用的資料收集方式包括：受測者探路口語（wayfinding protocol）以及事後訪談（post-test interview）等兩種記錄。進行過程中，受測者必須將探路的決策思考方式口述出來，這些受測者探路口語經過編碼，找出所包含的探路決策及使用資訊等基本要素，再透過註記系統轉譯為行為圖表，以理解探路決策結構。本研究並嘗試將研究方法應用於地圖設計，在測試中以三種地圖提供給受測者使用，藉由實際的探路任務，了解現有地圖的優缺點，並整理探路用地圖的主要設計議題及原則。研究發現地圖的部份形式因素與使用者的探路風格配合程度，造成使用者滿意程度的差異。

關鍵字

探路 ； 空間認知 ； 地圖設計

並列摘要

Wayfinding is an important issue in environmental psychology. The architect Passini is a pioneer in the field of wayfinding study. Here we demonstrate the method Passini used to collect data and the notation system to encode and transcribe data. Using such method, we tried to figure out issues in the design of maps for wayfinding. This research conducted tests in a field site, and used the ”think aloud” method to collect the verbal data (wayfinding protocol) from the subjects. The subjects were asked to find their way with maps for the given tasks. The wayfinding tasks were such like to find a place near a landmark, to find a room in a building, or to try to go back. When finding their way, he subjects were also asked to talk about what they did and what they thought and felt in route planning, decision-making and decision-execution. The investigators took audio recordings during the tests, and carefully observed the subjects. All the data were analyzed to discover the benefits and weakness of maps studied and to figure out issues in the design of maps for wayfinding. The findings illustrated that the compatibility between formal properties and user wayfinding style made difference in user satisfaction.

並列關鍵字

wayfinding ； spatial cognition ； map design