在地老化的理念與實踐－以台東市建農里老人日托站為例

Ideas and Practices of Aging in Place: A Case Study of the Day Care Center of the Elderly in Kennon Council, Taitung County

譚昌國(Chang-Kwo Tan)

《臺東大學人文學報》 5卷2期 (2015/12) Pp. 85-130

摘要

近年來，隨著高齡化社會在全球各地和在台灣的快速進展，使老人照顧成為相當急迫的公共議題。「在地老化」在我國的老人照護政策中是個重要的概念，然而「在地老化」的意義與內涵到底是甚麼？要透過甚麼樣的具體組織、活動或作為來實踐？從老人的觀點而言，「在地老化」是一種甚麼樣的經驗？對於他（她）們的生活品質有甚麼實質的幫助？本論文以台東市建農里的老人日托站為研究對象，以人類學取向的參與觀察和深度訪談研究法，了解老人日托站在老人社區照顧上所發揮的功能。研究發現是建農里老人日托站在實施健康促進活動和提供餐飲服務兩方面都做得很紮實，能讓參與日托站的長者在身體、心理和社會三個層面的健康狀況都得到提昇，培養出一群「健康而有活力」的老人，享受在地老化的果實，過著有品質與尊嚴的老年生活。另一方面，研究也發現建農里在實踐在地老化上的明顯問題，是社區中關心並支持日托站的居民相當不足，導致投注在參與日托站服務的時間與資源也不足，而更根本的問題，是社區意識微弱和社區認同感淡薄。研究者最後提出「照顧社區化」的概念，期待建農里和其他台灣高齡化社區，能落實在地老化的理想。

關鍵字

老人照顧 ； 社區照顧 ； 日托站 ； 在地老化 ； 建農里

並列摘要

In recent years, the elderly care becomes an urgent public issue with the rapid advance of aging societies in Taiwan and the global world. ＂Aging in place＂ is an important concept in our national policy of elderly care. Yet what is the meaning and content of aging in place? How to put aging in place into practice? From the perspective of the elderly, what are their experiences of aging in place ? How does aging in place promote the quality of their daily life in a substantial way? The object of this essay is the day care station in Kennon Council of Taitung. The method is participant observation and interview in depth from the approach of anthropology. The main topic is the functions of day care station in community elderly care. The researcher discovers that the day care station has provided good services of health promotion activities and lunch, which are positive for elevating physical, mental, and social health of the elderly. The result is to raise a group of healthy and active elderly people, who can enjoy the fruit of aging in place and lead a life with quality and dignity. On the other hand, we can find that there is an obvious problem of practicing aging in place in Kennon community, that is, the lack of community social support. The fundamental issue is the weakness of community consciousness and identity. Finally, the researcher proposes the idea of ＂care with the community＂, and hope this idea can help to realize the idea of aging in place in Kennon Council and other aging communities in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

elderly care ； community care ； day care station ； aging in place ； Kennon Council