國小背向式跳高選手「過桿」動作易犯錯誤之技術定性分析

The Analysis of Bar-Clearance Movement in High-Jump: Common Mistakes Made by Elementary School Athletes

蔡耀宗(Yao-Chung Tsai)

《大專體育學術專刊》 92年度 (下) (2003/06) Pp. 392-400

https://doi.org/10.6695/AUES.200306_92.0105

摘要

研究者從事基層跳高專項訓練，12年以來，分析研究台北縣國小組跳高成績的演進迄今，資料顯示童男、女組成績均停滯不前，顯示我國基層跳高訓練成果，除了時、空的客觀影響因素外，已面臨了訓練技術及方法上的瓶頸。鑑於此，為改進遲滯不前的成績，因此研究者認為有必要進行國小背向式跳高技術與訓練方法的技術研究分析，期望藉由各項研究分析成果，俾有助於改進基層訓練方法，以致跳高訓練和比賽成績的提昇。本研究旨在探討背向式跳高技術之一—「過桿」動作的技術分析，本文係採用文獻探討，並結合研究者觀察訓練經驗及選手動作技術定性分析，以對國小背向式跳高之「過桿」技術訓練，提出各項錯誤動作的探討及建議改進方案。本研究分析發現：一、跳高「過桿」技術重點在於與起跳動作的配合，起跳時轉身動作要快，擺臂拉高腰部的高度要足夠，才有利「過桿」動作的完成；多數選手起跳高度均未達最高點，所以倒身時易碰觸橫桿，又轉身動作過慢峙，使得身體再橫桿上的飛程過長，且致肩、背無法迅速、準確的落墊。二、「過桿」動作完成的流暢性及時間性的掌握要精準，且必須全身肌肉放鬆，頭腦冷靜清楚，方有助於快速完成過竿動作，以及信心的提升。三、起跳後整個身體倒身與橫桿交叉平行時，身體和兩腳肌肉都應明顯放鬆，但膝部應自然彎屈，髖部向上挺以幫助身體成拱背形（挺腰），隨即伸直膝部，雙腳（小腿）迅速用力往上抬高過桿，再以背部著墊，一氣呵成，是非常重要的；多數選手均無法完成拱背形的過桿最佳動作，又雙腳迅速上抬高過桿的動作過慢，使小腿易碰觸橫竿，容易造成試跳失誤，且選手多以（坐姿）臀部先著墊，而可能影響10-15公分的成績。

關鍵字

背向式 ； 過桿動作

並列摘要

The author has been observing the elementary school students in track-and-field contests in Taipei County for 12 years. The scores of high-jump in both boys' and girls' groups have shown little improvement in recent years. This means that the basic training methods in high-jump needs new ideas and inputs.In order to improve the scores in high-jump, it is necessary to do research in the back first style high-jump's skills and training method.The goal of this research paper is to discuss back clearance movement in the back first style high-jump, by using the author's own experience as a trainer as well as some literature reviews. It is the author's goal to put new insights to the high-jump exercise for our elementary school system.The research findings are as follows:1. The main skills of bar clearance are the techniques of the take-off. It requires a quick turn by the waist and a good height of the hip, which is essential to the fluency of the bar clearance movement.2. The fluency and the timing of the hold bar clearance movement are very important. The muscle of the whole body needed to be relaxed.3. After the take-off, the whole body should be parallel to the bar and the muscle of the legs and the body should be relaxed. The knees should then be slightly bent and pelvic should be raised in order to help the body to form an arch-shape. Next, the knees should be stretched and both legs then kick higher than the bar. Lastly, it is very important to land on once back.

並列關鍵字

Fosbury style ； bar-clearance movement