單手推射投籃動作組型正確性對多樣化練習效果的影響

The Influence of the Correctness of the Fundamental Movement Pattern of One-Hand Basketball Push Shooting on the Effect of Variable Practice

顧毓羣(Yu-Chun Ku)

《大專體育學術專刊》 97年度 (2008/05) Pp. 173-178

https://doi.org/10.6695/AUES.200805_97.0024

摘要

本研究之的目在於探討單手推射投籃基本動作組型的正確性對多樣化練習之學習的影響。78位實驗參與者先接受固定情境（離籃4.23公尺）投籃測驗，再依測驗過程拍攝之錄影帶，參照本研究設計之動作評量表進行評分，並將全體參與者區分為基本動作組型正確與不正確等兩組，以相同的多樣化練習方式，做包含五種不同投籃距離之90次投籃練習；經運用適切的推論統計方法進行各項測驗資料統計分析與考驗，並經結果分析與討論獲致如下結論：一、基本動作組型的正確性對固定投籃距離及多樣化投籃距離的投籃動作表現有顯著的影響，基本動作組型正確的參與者顯著優於動作組型正確的參與者（p＜.01），顯示建立正確的基本動作組型有助於發展具有適應不同投籃距離變化的單手推射投籃「類化運動程式」與「運動基模」。二、經過多樣化練習之後，動作組型正確的參與者之固定距離與多種距離變化之投籃動作表現均顯著優於不正確的參與者。三、基本動作組型不正確的參與者亦能藉由多樣化練習發展具有適應不同投籃距離變化的單手推射投籃「類化運動程式」與「運動基模」。

關鍵字

類化運動程式 ； 運動基模

並列摘要

This study aimed to examine the influence of the correctness of the fundamental movement pattern (FMP) of one-hand basketball push shooting on the accuracy of shooting and variable practice effect to develop a generalized motor program (GMP) and motor schema of one-hand push shooting (OHPS). To achieve these purposes, the author reviewed many relevant books and articles about basketball shooting skills, and designed an FMP assessment list of OHPS as the criterion of correctness. Seventy-eight male university freshman students (mean age = 19.8 years, SD = 1.4years) participated in this study. Each subject took constant (single) shooting distance test. Each shooting performance for the test was videotaped. Their shooting patterns were then assessed and divided into two groups according to their correctness of the FMP. Then every participates were took the same conditions and times of variable practice. After finished practice one week, all participants were took constant (single) shooting distance and various (5 different) shooting distances tests. The data were analyzed through relevant statistic procedures. The major findings are: first, in the test performances of constant and various shooting distancess, participants whose FMP was correct performed significantly better than those whose FMP was incorrect (p＜ .01), and for participants whose FMP was correct. Secondly, in retention tests in terms of constant (single) shooting distance and various (5 different) shooting distances, participants whose FMP was correct did significantly better than those whose FMP was incorrect (p＜.01). Thirdly, the retention test performances of constant and various shooting distances of participants whose FMP was incorrect, were significantly better than the initial test before variable practice. These findings suggest that, first, in terms of the definition of specific shooting patterns, the OHPS has its explicitly correct FMP. Secondly, the correctness of the FMP of OHPS had positive effect on the accuracy of shooting at constant and various distances, and those participants with correct FMP performed significantly better than those with incorrect FMP. Thirdly, those participants with inaccurate FMP were also capable of developing their own GMP and motor schema of OHPS adapting to a variety of shooting distances through variable practice.

並列關鍵字

generalized motor program (GMP) ； motor schema