1950、60年代台灣在野菁英對地方選舉弊端的批評與因應

The Criticism and Response of the Taiwanese Elite in Opposition to the Malpractices in Local Elections in 1950s to 1960s

蘇瑞鏘(Su, Jui-Chiang)

《文史台灣學報》 13期 (2019/10) Pp. 89-117

摘要

1950、60年代台灣的地方選舉雖有一定的民主形式，實質運作過程卻備受詬病。當時不少在野政治菁英常批評選舉弊端，甚至透過許多途徑展開抗爭；這些在政治肅殺的年代所進行的抗爭，本身就是台灣民主發展的重要歷程。對認識1950、60年代的選舉發展史而言，該議題的研究應有一定的參考價值。首先，本文探討了此一時期選風逐漸敗壞的現象，並從統治端探討為何出現越來越多選舉弊端，以及從在野端探討在野菁英為何致力於選舉弊端的抗爭。其次，本文也討論了在野菁英所指控的買票、作票、公務人員違法介入、一人競選、選監體制等諸多選舉弊端的樣態。再者，本文亦分析了在野菁英透過議會、司法、媒體、集會、結社等途徑所進行的抗爭行動。

關鍵字

地方選舉 ； 選舉弊端 ； 在野菁英 ； 五龍一鳳 ； 石錫勳 ； 國民黨

並列摘要

Although local elections held regularly in Taiwan from 1950s to 1960s are of democratic form, their practical operation processes were greatly denounced oftentimes. At that time, quite a few political elites in opposition constantly criticized the malpractices in elections, even engaged in protests through multiple approaches. Those protests that were launched in the age of harsh political climate had been the important course of democratic development in Taiwan. For understanding the history of electoral development from 1950s to 1960s, there shall be certain reference value for the research of the issue. First of all, the research probed into the phenomenon of the gradually corrupt atmosphere of elections during this particular period. It discussed from the view of governance why there were more and more malpractices in elections, and explored from the perspective of elites in opposition to find out the reason why they devoted their energy to the protests against malpractices in elections. Secondly, the research discussed the patterns of numerous malpractices in elections accused by the elite in opposition, such as vote buying, ballot rigging, illegal intervention of civil servants, uncontested election, and the electoral and supervisory system. Moreover, the research also analyzed the protest activities organized by the elite in opposition via the approaches of local council, judiciary, mass media, assembly, and association.

並列關鍵字

local elections ； malpractices in elections ； elite in opposition ； Five Dragons and One Phoenix ； Shi Xi-xun ； Kuomintang

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