台東縣延平鄉桃源村布農族哺乳類動物文化之調查研究

Study of Mammal Culture of Tauyuan, an Indigenous Village of Bunun Ethnic Group of Yanping Town, Taitung, Taiwan

劉烱錫(Chiung-Hsi Liu) ； 古總結(Bion Ku)

《原住民自然人文期刊》 創刊號 (2009/09) Pp. 83-109

https://doi.org/10.29875/JNHEIP.200909.0003

摘要

本調查研究於1999年4月至2000年3月間在台東縣延平鄉桃源村及其附近進行，共記錄8目15 科38個物種或類別的動物。其中，布農族人對翼手目、食蟲目尖鼠科及囓齒目鼠科、倉鼠科未分類至屬、種外，其餘靈長目、兔形目、囓齒目松鼠科、食肉目、鱗甲目、偶蹄目動物均可分類至種的層次。有些甚至分至種以下的層次，包括山羌、野豬。台灣獼猴、台灣野豬、台灣黑熊、家犬、水鹿、山羌、台灣長鬃山羊依年齡與性別而有不同的稱謂。布農族人認為鹿野溪上游有野犬分佈，並與家犬的稱謂有所區隔。本文亦記錄哺乳類動物全身各部位的名稱，並從中認為布農族人很徹底地利用哺乳類動物，除肉、內臟等柔軟組織外，骨頭、骨髓、血液及水鹿的大便也都有利用。狩獵文化是布農族人與哺乳類動物的重要關係，所記錄38個類別動物中，僅5種不是狩獵對象，家犬很被善待，是重要的狩獵幫手，我們也敘述布農族人的狩獵倫理、禁忌、時空、工具、陷阱及技術等，並認為布農族社會的狩獵文化裡原本就含有守約或保育的觀念與作法，建議政府與社會各界透過社區培力計畫，進而建構以社區為基礎的野生動物保育機制。

關鍵字

布農族 ； 哺乳類動物 ； 語彙 ； 狩獵文化 ； 基因多樣性 ； 野犬 ； 保育

並列摘要

We inquired the elder men and women of indigenous Bunun ethnic group about the mammal language and culture surrounding the Tauyuan village, Yanping Town, Taitung County, Taiwan during April 1999 to March 2000. We recorded 38 species or taxa categorized to 15 families of 8 orders. The Bunun people did not classify some taxa into genus or species Level, including the Chirotera, Soricidae of Insectivora, and Cricetidae and Muridae of Rodentia. Most mammal taxa could be named into species level, including the Primates，Lagomorpha , Sciuridae of Rodentia, Carnivora, Pholidota, Artiodactyla. Some species may be distinguished even as variety or ecotype that we suggest worth studying the gene diversity in Taiwan mountainous area, including the barking deer Muntiacus reevesi micrurus, wild boar Sus scrofa taivanus. The Bunun people usually called some mammals by different names according to their sex and ages, including the rocky monkey Macaca cyclopis , sambar Cervus unicolor swinhoei, serow Capricornis crispus swinhoei, barking deer, wild boar, black bear Selenarctos thibetanus formosanus and house dog Canis lupus famililaris. The Bunun elders also described the specific name and feature of wild dog different from house dog. We also recorded the names of body parts, and knew that they eat the mammals very thoroughly and conservatively, not only the soft tissues of meat and organs, but also the bones, marrow, even the shit pellets of deer. Hunting culture undoubtfully is the important relationships between Bunun people and mammals. Among 38 mammalian taxa, just 5 taxa are not the Bunun hunting objects and the house dogs are treated well for helping hunting. We also described the ethics, taboos, time and space, tools and technology of hunting culture. We think that the hunting culture of Bunun people originally includes the conservative idea and living. We hope the community based wildlife conservation mechanism could be established some days.

並列關鍵字

indigenous people ； Bunun ethnic group ； mammal ； language ； hunting culture ； gene diversity ； wild dog ； conservation