跨文化的串連與意義：「大洋之舟」巡迴展誌

Cross-cultural Connection and Interpretation: Ethnography of "Vaka Moana" Traveling Exhibition

楊翎(Lin Yang)

《原住民自然人文期刊》 2期 (2010/10) Pp. 199-239

https://doi.org/10.29875/JNHEIP.201010.0006

摘要

本文主要從多重場域民族誌的角度，透過「大洋之舟」國際巡迴展，探討紐西蘭、日本、臺灣三地博物館的表現形式及立場，如何藉由展演活動的跨文化實踐與發展，在區域歷史發展過程所扮演文化資本中介的角色，以及如何在配合國家政策、行政制度與社會文化需求方面，具體表現特定的觀念與價值。奧克蘭戰爭紀念博物館於2006年推出的「大洋之舟」國際巡迴展，整合了大洋洲人類遷移的研究議題，提出了一個簡化、虛擬之集體認同的大洋洲再現映像。籌展之初，即與環太平洋國家的博物館密切聯繫，並擬以南島語族出發和遷移的方向，作為巡迴展移動的路線。展出文本在三地博物館或許彼此重疊，而若從在地重新詮釋和回應的面向來檢視，則存在各自的解讀、想像或困境，涉及各區域多元的歷史背景、族群集體記憶、意識形態和認同取向，有著相互支配的位置關係，同時也反映了全球化下博物館性的視野。

關鍵字

大洋之舟 ； 巡迴展示 ； 紐西蘭的奧克蘭戰爭紀念博物館 ； 日本的國立民族學博物館 ； 臺灣的國立自然科學博物館

並列摘要

The paper aims to adopt the viewpoints of multi-sited ethnography to investigate exhibition manifestations and standpoints of three museums of New Zealand, Japan, and Taiwan, through the international traveling exhibition of ”Vaka Moana”. This investigation not only studies how the cultural role of the regional historical developments is achieved via the cross-cultural practice and the development of the traveling exhibition, but also explores how the concrete expressions of particular imaginations and values are formed in order to comply with national policies, administration requirements and social and cultural needs of each country.In 2006, Auckland War Memorial Museum, one of the most important museums for global collection of Maori and Pacific material culture, launched an international traveling exhibition, ”Vaka Moana”, which revisits the old migration issue of Oceania people; this mitigation has been regarded as a research topic over the past. This exhibition not only provides integrated and solid contents, but also re-creates simplified and imaginary images of collective ideology, such that people see and understand vast amount of geometrical information of Oceania. In the beginning of the proposal, Auckland War Memorial Museum made close contact with several museums in the Pacific Rim countries, and intended to proceed with this traveling exhibition by focusing on the original migration and movement routes of Austronesian people. Although the exhibition materials shown in these three museums may overlap, from the viewpoints of local re-interpretations and responses, those indeed exist different interpretations, transformations, and operational difficulties, mixing iterative relationships mutually dominated by hierarchical local people. Moreover, not only do those materials involve with involution of national mechanisms, ethnic collective memory, and people's cosmology, but also embody duplication and transformation agency among museums under the global viewpoint.

並列關鍵字

Vaka Moana ； Transnational Traveling Exhibition ； Auckland War Memorial Museum in New Zealand ； National Museum of Ethnology in Japan ； National Museum of Natural Science in Taiwan