習近平時代的中國大陸與拉丁美洲關係（2013－2018）

The diplomatic relations between Mainland China and Latin America during Xi's presidency

劉本善(Ben-Shan Liu)

《拉丁美洲經貿季刊》 33期 (2018/06) Pp. 1-23

摘要

由於中共建政初期實行共產國際主義，且當時國力有限，對外僅能關注周邊亞洲及非洲地區；而中國大陸和拉丁美洲相距甚遠、文化差異大，故中共建政後至1970年以前，逾20年期間僅與古巴有政府間官方來往，與拉丁美洲以民間交往為主。近年來，中國大陸的經濟快速起飛，國力大幅提升，並開始在國際開展「與國力相當」的大國關係，中國大陸成為許多國家爭先建交的指標性國家。中國大陸也努力地扮演國際外交者的角色，讓全世界時時關注著中國大陸與他國之國際策略。中國大陸與拉丁美洲關係發展主要建構於經濟貿易上，而政治方面，以「一個中國」原則為其核心利益，此考量不容全世界忽略。2013年，習近平提出「一帶一路」之經濟合作，以「一個中國」原則之政治考量成為中國發展與拉丁美洲關係之關鍵因素。拉丁美洲國家巴拿馬和多明尼加分別於去年七月和今年五月宣布與我國斷交，並承認「一個中國」原則，迅速與中國大陸建交，對於我國造成極大的衝擊。鑒於我國主要邦交國位於中南美洲及加勒比海地區，此一現象實值持續關注其後續發展。本文藉由現勢分析中國大陸建政以來與拉丁美洲關係之演進歷程，對中國和拉丁美洲政策演進與發展、經濟及政治等因素進行分析，以評估習近平時代，中國和拉丁美洲之間的關係及其影響。

關鍵字

中國大陸 ； 拉丁美洲 ； 中拉關係 ； 區域關係 ； 中拉論壇

並列摘要

Given the limited national strength at its early stage, PRC had not been able to reach out diplomatically to other regions than its peripheral Asian and friendly African countries. As to its relations with Latin America, mostly among people in nature due to geographic distance and cultural difference, China had only managed to maintain an official ties with Cuba. In recent years, with its national strength on the rise powered by fast economic growth, China begins to engage in great power diplomacy which meets its status. Many countries regard having official ties with China as an important achievement in foreign policy. China takes great efforts in playing the role of an international diplomat, concerning the whole world about its diplomatic strategy. The world should note that PRC's relations with Latin America are based on economic trades while politically the One-China principle is the core interest. Xi Jingping introduced the One Belt One Road initiative in 2013, in which China highlights the One-China principle as a key factor in developing relations with Latin America. The Republic of Panama and the Dominican Republic abandoned ROC and established official ties with PRC in July 2017 and May 2018 respectively, delivering a major blow to ROC. Given the fact that ROC's major allies are located in Central America and Caribbean regions, the following development deserves close attention. The paper is trying to look back and analyze the evolution of the China-Latin America relations since the founding of PRC, in order to evaluate the development of relations between the two sides in Xi Jingping's era and possible impact caused.

並列關鍵字

Latin America ； China-LatAm relations ； China-LatAm forum ； regional strategy ； China-CELAC