大陸社區警務之發展

Development of Community Policing in Mainland China

陳斐鈴(Fei-Lin Chen)

《中央警察大學警察行政管理學報》 12期 (2016/05) Pp. 183-194

摘要

大陸警務模式經歷政治主導警務時期（建國至改革開放以前）、警務法治化時期（改革開放後）及社區改革時期（改革後期）。改革前由政治主導，隨著社會經濟發展及思想解放，初採用「嚴打」策略，惟沒有遏制住犯罪率的上升，為了因應日益嚴峻的治安形勢，社區警務策略被採用。大陸於1997年4月「蘇州會議」、2002年3月「杭州會議」相繼提出「社區警務戰略」，並於2004年全面於各大中城市實施。為執行社區警務策略，大陸擴增基層警力、社區及農村警務室、社區及駐村民警，此均為建設社區警務的硬體要素，然社區警政更需要的是決策程序及組織文化的改變、指揮的分權化及培訓有新思惟的社區警務人員。從1997年蘇州會議揭示警務改革起，歷經十多年數警務革新方案的實施，大陸警務仍以專業化策略為主軸，但逐漸重視警民關係、執法紀律及服務功能。各地公安機關以民生、民意為主題的創新警務風起雲湧，這對警民之間信任關係的改善有正面意義。

關鍵字

社區警政 ； 中國大陸 ； 警政策略

並列摘要

The policing model in Mainland China underwent political led period from national reconstruction to the reform and opening up of social development. The second period was legalization period which took place after the reform and opening up of social development. The third period was community reform period which was post reform. Politics effected the social development before the reform. However, after the reform and the opening-up, social and economic development and ideological emancipation caused serious security threats to rise increasingly. In order to control the public order, severe measures were taken against crime and disorder first. The police force took measures to crack-down on this. Community policing was proposed later because it was found that the crack down strategy could not control the crime rate. Community policing was proposed at the Suzhou conference held in April 1997 and the Hangzhou conference held in March 2002, and the strategy was implemented in major cities in 2004. For the implementation of community policing strategy, Mainland China reformed street police organizations. The changes included building community and rural police stations and to deploy community and village police. In addition to the building new structures, community policing need to emphasize the culture of the police force. Also, training procedures of police officer needs to address. Training that emphasizes change in thought is necessary. The Suzhou conference held in 1997 promoted police reform, there after the police in Mainland China underwent the implementation of this new reform program for ten years. Professional policing model was still being used as the main strategy in police practice, but recently there was change with increasing emphasis in public relations, discipline for enforcement and public services. Many creative police programs, which are associated with people's livelihood and public opinion, have run like a rising wind and scudding clouds. This has had a positive effect in improving trust between the police force and the public.

並列關鍵字

Community policing ； Mainland China ； Policing strategies