轉折年代：1945－1949年前後的臺灣佛教

1945年10月，歷經統治臺灣50年的日本，因戰爭失敗而退出臺灣，臺灣改由中華民國政府接管。隨著國共內戰的失敗，1949年12月，國民黨政府退居臺灣，在此前後約有近150萬軍民逃難來臺，其中包括了不少佛教界的人士。本文主要探討1945－1949年前後，到底有那些著名的佛教人士？他們是從甚麼地方？透過怎麼樣的途徑到臺灣？他們抵達臺灣之後，對於日本統治半世紀後的臺灣佛教有什麼樣的觀感？如何適應這樣的臺灣佛教環境？在國民黨政府全面改造臺灣，去日本化的同時，從中國大陸來臺的佛教界的人士也積極地投入去除日本式臺灣佛教的活動，他們是如何展開改造臺灣佛教之路的？其中碰到了哪些問題？在臺灣原有的「日本化佛教」變成為具有「中國化的佛教」，對於往後臺灣佛教的發展到底產生了怎麼樣的影響？其特色又何在？凡此，均是本文討論的焦點問題。處於1945－1949年前後的臺灣佛教，適逢戰後初期臺灣佛教的「轉折年代」，就戰後臺灣佛教發展史的角度言，具有極為重要的歷史意義，本文即是為探討其中意義而撰寫。

關鍵字

逃難；轉折年代；臺灣佛教；中國佛教會；釋白聖

並列摘要

In October 1945, after 50 years of colonial rule, Taiwan was officially handed over to the government of the Republic of China by the defeated Japanese. In December 1949, the KMT regime retreated to Taiwan as a result of its loss of the civil war. Around this time, about 1.5 million refugees fled to Taiwan, many of whom were from the Buddhist circle. This paper explores who were among those fled to Taiwan from the mainland Buddhist circle, where did they come from, and with what approaches did they manage to arrive in Taiwan. What was their perception toward Buddhism in Taiwan, where the Japanese had ruled for half a century? How did they adopt to a new environment? How did they undertake the transformation of Buddhism in Taiwan, at the moment when the KMT endeavored to rid out of Japanese influence on the island? What sort of problems did they face in this process? And what kind of impact did it generate on the future development of Buddhism in Taiwan, when it was transformed from Japanese-styled into Chinese-dominated one? This article will address the above issues, analyzing how the years between 1945 and 1945 becomes a turning point in the development of Taiwan's Buddhism.