宋代史家的唐史學

Sung Historians Study of Tang History

王德毅(Teh-I Wang)

《國立臺灣大學文史哲學報》 50期 (1999/06) Pp. 307-309+311-327

https://doi.org/10.6258/bcla.1999.50.11

摘要

宋代史家重視歷史的鑑戒功能，如殷之鑑在夏，周之鑑在殷，皆取其距當代最近的。宋雖接乎五代，實當以唐為鑑戒，因為五代之戰亂分裂，實由唐末由亂到亡所產生的。北宋史家最關心唐代史，真宗時官修的《冊府元龜》，內中多記唐代君臣事跡。仁宗時命歐陽修、宋祁等修成《新唐書》，以《春秋》書法褒貶唐代君臣。司馬光的《資治通鑑˙唐紀》，陳述唐代治少亂多之弊。范祖禹《唐鑑》，評論唐代用君子則治，用小人則亂，足為法戒。孫甫《唐史論斷》尤重義理，謂人君必嚴於修己，一涉逸樂，便有亂亡之患。總之，宋代史家論唐史事，現實政治著眼，而倫理道德是最重要的。

關鍵字

資鑑 ； 唐鑑 ； 義理史學 ； 君子小人 ； 春秋書法

並列摘要

In the Sung dynasty, historians stressed the reflective value of history as a mirror for current times, such as the Yin Dynasty was reflected in the Xia or the Zhou was reflected in the Yin. Although the Sung chronologically followed on the period Five Dynasties, its historians looked back to the Tang for their mirror because the divisive struggles of the Five Dynasties were a result of the confusion at the end of the Tang, leading to its fall. Historians in the Northern Sung stressed the importance of Tang history, as can be seen from the extensive noting of affairs of Tang official in the Ce Fu Yuan Gui, compiled by government historians in the Zhen Cung period. It can also be see from the Spring and Autumn form of concealed criticism of Tang officials contained in the Ren Cung period New Tang History, compiled by Ou Yang Xiu, Sung Chi and others. In addition, the ”Tang Records” in the Ce Jhi Tung Jian by Si Ma Guang describes the Tang as a time of little government and much confusion. Similarly, Fan Zhu Yu in the Tang Jian evaluated the Tang situation of order coming from the employment of gentlemen as officials and confusion coming from the employment of minor people, seeing it as a lesson for his time. The Tang Shi Lun Duan of Sun Fu stressed moral values, saying that an emperor must observe strict self-cultivation, and that his indulgence in pleasures will bring confusion and downfall. In conclusion, although Sung historians' discussion of Tang history focused on issues of practical government, the most important aspect to their discussions was ideals and moral conduct.

並列關鍵字

Tang Jian ； ideal of history ； gentleman minor person ； Spring and Autumn criticism