擺脫與沉溺：龔自珍的情詩細讀

Re-reading Gong Zizhen And His Love Poetry

孫康宜(Kang-I Sun Chang)

《欲掩彌彰：中國歷史文化中的「私」與「情」─私情篇》 2003 (2003/09) Pp. 13-32

https://doi.org/10.29531/siqing.200309.0013

摘要

本文通過晚清文人龔自珍的情詩─尤其是他寫給妓女靈簫的自傳詩─來研討龔氏的情觀。作為一個「聲情沈烈」的寫詩能手，龔自珍正好代表傳統文人那種既渴望情、又極力想擺脫情的矛盾心態。在《己亥雜詩》中龔自珍寫給靈簫的情詩，無論在數量上或內容上，都是不容忽視的。然而，到目前為止，大部分的學者都忽視了這些愛情詩篇，儘管龔自珍一而再，再而三地在他的注釋中強調了靈簫的重要性。這種偏見使他們忽略了龔自珍自己在詩中作注的用心，因而也很難作出全面的讀者反應。另一方面，一些患有「索隱癖」的學者卻特別專注於有關龔自珍的風流韻事。結果是，各種說法紛紜，幾近憑空杜撰之詞。而讀者這種憑空製造本事的興趣，在某一程度上，實受了龔自珍的「自我注釋」的影響。本來龔自珍之所以喜歡在詩中作注，乃為了補充詩歌的不足──他生怕那些過於隱諱的詩句會引起讀者們的誤讀。誰知他所寫的註解卻給讀者們提供了更多的想像力，因而在作品的流傳、解讀、理解、接受方面又作出了更多的誤讀，產生了許多費解的讀者反應。

關鍵字

靈簫 ； 《己亥雜詩》 ； 「寱詞」 ； 入定 ； 出定

並列摘要

Several intriguing events in Gong Zizhen's (1792-1841) life has already inspired mis-readings (or over-readings) of his poetry, but it was Gong Zizhen's own commentary on his love poetry that has become most problematic. On the one hand, because of its intensity and self-absorption, Gong's love poetry is doubly rich when accompanied with diary-like notes. On the other hand the poet's desire to ”tell more” through the self-commentary often has the paradoxical consequence of leading the reader to more conjectures and hence fictional fabrications.This paper examines Gong's notion of love and the readers' problem of reading Gong by doing a close reading of Gong's love poetry to the courtesasn Lingxiao. One of the conclusions of this paper is that a poet's self-commentary, though extremely effective in literature, can be very dangerous in real life. Burdened by the commentary's evocative power, and filled to bursting with curiosity and imagination, some readers might have ended up writing their own version of what happened. The irony is that Gong Zizhen's original intent was the exact opposite of this: he wrote the selfcommentary in order that later historians could have a clear view of his life. Ironically, it turns out that the poems he so carefully clarified have simply taken on fresh enigmas--they have, in effect, a life of their own.Like many great authors, Gong Zizhen was brought into the canon only after his death. There are layers of ambiguity surrounding Gong that the modern readers have yet to strip away.

並列關鍵字

Lingxiao ； Jihai zashi collection ； "Dream Words" (Yi Ci) ； "Entering the center of the Great Peace" (ruding) ； "Leaving the center of the Great Peace" (chuding)