訴願法制之檢討及訴願法修正之建議

The Review of Administration Appeal System and Legislation

林石根(Shih-Ken Lin)

《臺灣海洋法學報》 8卷1期 (2009/06) Pp. 111-163

https://doi.org/10.29881/TLSR.200906.0004

摘要

人民有訴願之權為憲法第16條所明定，惟憲法僅提示人民有訴願之權之原則，對於那些事項可以提起訴願？怎樣提起訴願？訴願應由何一機關受理？如何審理？如何決定？則均付之闕如，有待訴願法之規定以資補充，故人民之訴願權是否能得到充分之保障，違法或不當之行政處分是否有糾正之機會，和訴願法規定之是否詳密及其觀念是否現代化有很大之關係。訴願法於87年10月28日公布全面修正之條文，89年6月14日公布三條修正條文，均自89年7日1日施行，全文由原來之二十八條擴充成為一百零一條，在內容上，舉凡條文的結構，章節的編列，乃至於訴願類型的強化等方面，均有極大的增補，對行政品質的提升與人民權益的保障頗有助益，堪稱我國訴願制度的重大變革。惟因同時期行政訴訟法及行政程序法分別修正與制定，由於主稿機關不同，發生未能配合之情事，同一事項三種法律所使用之文字互有出入，增添適用者之疑惑，加以新訴願法施行至今已逾七年，條文之適用亦有疑義之處，實有再加檢討修正之必要。筆者擬尌制度面及法律條文作一整理，並提供自己之見解，期供未來修正之參考。

關鍵字

訴願 ； 行政救濟 ； 行政訴訟 ； 訴願再審 ； 在途期間 ； 書面審查 ； 言詞辯論 ； 停止執行

並列摘要

People's entitlements for filing administrative appeals are given by the Constitution Law. However, the Constitution Law only mentions the principles of people being entitle to file administrative appeal, details such as what matters can be appealed, how to file appeals, to which authority, and the processes of judging and decision making are still waiting to be defined with the Administrative Appeal Act. Therefore, whether people's appeal rights protected enough and the chance of redressing the unlawful and improper administrative disciplinary action are all largely related to how strict and modern the Administrative Appeal Act have been regulated.The Administrative Appeal Act was heavily amended on 28th October 1998 and has been further amended on 14th June 2000; both were performed on 1st July 2000. It consists of 101 articles instead of the original 28 articles. The contents were improved profoundly ranging from the structure and arrangement of the articles to the type of different appeals. The amended Act raises the quality of government administration and protects people's rights and interests, these changes are significant reformation of our appeal system.However, whilst the Administrative Suit Law and the Administrative Procedure Act were amended and enacted at the same time, there are different words on the same matter in the said three regulations due to different in-charge authorities; this often confuses people. Furthermore, the amended Administrative Appeal Act has been performing for over seven years already, it is necessary to review and improve on the articles or contents that are unclear when applying.The author has reviewed the articles and studied over the two dimensions of administrative appeal system and the related law, and would provide personal observation and opinions which may be useful as reference for future amendment on the Acts.

並列關鍵字

administration appeal ； administration remedy ； administrative suit ； review de novo ； traveling period ； paper review ； oral argument ； to stop an enforcement

參考文獻

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