以「實體」做為國際海洋法條約規範主體的理論與實踐：以台灣參與區域性漁業管理組織之實踐為中心

The Theory and Practices Relating to Entity as a Subject of International Law of The Sea Treaties with Special Reference to Taiwan's Participation in Regional Fishery Management Organizations

高聖惕(Michael Sheng-Ti Gau)

《臺灣海洋法學報》 9卷2期 (2010/12) Pp. 79-147

摘要

本文從鄭斌教授對於「國際法主體」的理論來檢驗台灣在特定國際海洋法條約體系架構下，作為「捕魚實體」，因而參與國際條約的實踐。本文證明：容許國家以外的「實體」，甚至是「捕魚實體」簽署、批准、加入條約，或是雖然不能簽署、批准及加入條約，但得以不一樣的方式接受條約義務之拘束的例子，存在於規範海洋環境保護的國際條約。

關鍵字

捕魚實體 ； 台灣 ； 合作非締約方 ； 區域性漁業管理組織

並列摘要

This paper uses the theory proposed by Professor Bin Cheng with respect to subject of international law as the tool to explain how Taiwan can participate in Regional Fishery Management Organizations (RFMOs), in the capacity of fishing entity. As long as States wish, a non-State entity can become subject of international law and participate in international organizations in the ways agreed upon by States through constituent instrument of the organization. Fishing Entity is a term created by the 1995 United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement for Taiwan to participate in RFMOs. Taiwan has been using this term to participate in different RFMOs with different status, e.g., Member of the Commission, Member of the Extended Commission, and Cooperating non-Contracting Party, Entity, or Fishing Entity. The difference of the wills of States as demonstrated in different RFMOs' constituent instruments provide such different status that Taiwan has in different fora.

並列關鍵字

Fishing Entity ； Taiwan ； ICAAT ； WCPFC ； IATTC ； SPRFMO ； UNCLOS ； UNFSA ； RFMO