國際海上貨物運送人責任的變革與趨勢：從海牙到鹿特丹

The Changes and Trends of International Sea Carrier's Liability: From Hague to Rotterdam

饒瑞正(Juei-Cheng Jao)

《臺灣海洋法學報》 10卷1期 (2011/06) Pp. 1-31

https://doi.org/10.29881/TLSR.201106.0001

摘要

聯合國大會於2008年12月11日通過鹿特丹規則，並於2009年9月23日於鹿特丹舉行公約簽屬儀式。根據聯合國預測，公約極有可能在二至八年中生效。臺灣為世界主要貿易國家，亦是船方國家，對於運送人責任之議題，為無論船、貨雙方均關注的焦點。因此，本文針對海牙規則以降以迄鹿特丹規則攸關運送人責任的議題如：公約適用範圍、運送人責任期間、運送人辨識、運送人義務、免責事由、舉證責任、甲板貨、偏航、活體動物、單位限責權、起訴時限、契約 條款之自由等作分析與討論，並於結論提出我國海商法的因應方案，以供參酌。

關鍵字

海牙規則 ； 海牙威士比規則 ； 漢堡規則 ； 鹿特丹規則 ； 國際海上貨物運送法 ； 海上運送人責任

並列摘要

The Assembly of the United Nations has passed the Rotterdam Rules on 11th Dec., 2008, and which was opened for signature in Rotterdam on 23rd Sep., 2009. It is predicted by the UN that the Rotterdam Rules would come into effect after two to eight years. Taiwan is a main trading state as well as a ship-operating country, making the carrier's liability a hot issue between cargo and ship-operating side. Thus, this work focuses on the carrier's liability regime from Hague to Rotterdam Rules, including the scope of application, the period of responsibility, identification of carrier, obligation of the carrier, exoneration of liability, burden of proof, deck cargo, deviation, live animals, package limitation, limitation period and freedom of contract. It is submitted in the conclusion with several solutions for the Government to cope with the fundamental changes of the international law relating to carrier liability.

並列關鍵字

Hague Rules ； Hague-Visby Rules ； Hamburg Rules ； Rotterdam Rules ； International Carriage of Goods by Sea ； Sea Carrier's Liability

參考文獻

Clarke, Malcolm(1976).Aspects of the Hague Rules.Martinus Nijhoff.

Markesinis, Basil S.(1977).Law Making, Law Finding and Law Shaping: The Diverse Influences.Oxford University Press.

Thomas, D. Rhidian(2010).The Carriage of Goods by Sea under the Rotterdam Rules.Lloyd's List.

Ziegler, Alexander Von,Schelin, Johan,Zunarelli, Stefano(2010).The Rotterdam Rules 2008, Commentary to the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea.Kluwer Law International.

柯澤東(2010)。鹿特丹規則與我國海商法回應之探討。月旦法學。56-74。