Pseudomonas caryophylli引起之滿天星細菌性凋病

Bacterial Wilt of Gypsophila Parnculata Caused by Pseudomonas Caryophylli

劉興隆(H. L. Liu)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 28期 (1990/09) Pp. 33-42

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.199009.0033

摘要

近年來台灣栽培之滿天星於夏季普遍發生細菌性萎凋病，常造成嚴重之危害，為滿天星之新病害。本病初期由下位葉開始萎凋，逐漸往上蔓延，有時植株呈半邊萎凋或側枝萎凋，在莖部節間偶可造成縱向龜裂，可見菌泥自裂口處溢出，嚴重時整株死亡。所得之菌株呈桿狀，具1至數條極生鞭毛，在2%葡萄糖之營養瓊脂及馬鈴薯葡萄糖瓊脂培養基上形成圓形、中高、邊緣完整、表面平滑並具粘性之褐色菌落，其最適生長溫度為32～40˚C，而所測試之生理生化特性與Burkholder（1942）、Ballark（1970）、Jones（1984）及西山幸司（1988）所記載之Pseudomonas caryophylli相近。溫度與病害發生有密切關係，在32˚C下接種後第9天便造成全部植株死亡，而12˚C時，則未見發病；於日溫28˚C，夜溫不同之處理中，降低夜溫可延緩其病勢發展。室內進行藥劑篩選結果顯示，鍵黴素液劑、多保鏈黴素、銅鋅錳乃浦、銅快得寧、鋅錳乃浦、鋅錳粉克、嘉賜銅、三得錳、免賴得、貝芬得、氫氧化銅及芬瑞莫等12種藥劑，對P. caryophylli的生長具有良好的抑制效力，其中以鏈黴素液劑及多保鏈黴素效果最佳，銅鋅錳乃浦、銅快得寧、鋅錳乃浦及鋅錳粉克等效果次之。

關鍵字

滿天星 ； 細菌性萎凋病 ； 溫度 ； 藥劑

並列摘要

In recent years, bacterial wilt of Gypsophila paniculata commonly occurred during the summer season in Taiwan and it usually caused severe losses of the crop. The wilting symptoms often began from lower leaves and then progressed to the upper of the plant. Lateral branch on one side of the plant might wilt first and finally the entire plant might die. Vertical splits frequently occurred on the internode of the stem. Bacterial exudates were observed on the surfaces of the splits during the humid periods.The pathogen isolated from diseased tissues was rod-shaped with one to several polar flagella. It formed round, smooth, and mucoid colonies on PDA plates. Its optimal growth temperature was 32-40˚C. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of the pathogen were similar to those of Pseudomonas caryophylli.The development of the disease were affected by the temperature. Plants were dead 9 days after inoculation at 32˚C, while the disease were not observed when plants were inoculated at 12˚C. When the day temperature was at 28˚C, the development of disease delayed significantly, when the night temperature were lowered to 12-16˚C.In the in vitro test the growth of P. caryophylli was inhibited by several chemicals. Among them, Streptomycin and Atakin were the most effective, and followed by Cuprosan 311 SD, Kinset, Dithane M-45 and Dikar.

並列關鍵字

Gypsophila paniculata ； Bacterial wilt ； temperature ； chemical