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豌豆害蟲種類調查及防治試驗
The Insect Pests on Pea and Their Control
摘要
為害豌豆之害蟲有番茄斑潛蠅（Liriomyza bryoniae（Kaltenbach））、台灣花薊馬（Frankliniella intonsa Trybom）、甜菜夜蛾（Spodoptera exigua Hubner）、斜紋夜蛾（Spodoptera litura（Fabricius））、番茄夜蛾（Helicoverpa armigera（Hubner））、豆莢螟（Maruca tesulalis Geyer）、神澤葉蟎（Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida）、二點小綠浮塵子（Amrasca biguttula（Ishida））、豌豆蚜蟲（Acyrthosiphou pisum Harrison）、擬尺蠖（Trichoplusia ni Hubner）及扁蝸牛（Bradybaena similaris（Ferussac））等。番茄斑潛蠅、台灣花薊馬及甜菜夜蛾於埔里、新社及大村等地區普遍發生，番茄斑潛蠅及台灣花薊馬自豌豆播種後約20天至採收完畢皆可為害，甜菜夜蛾自播種後約20天至60天為害較嚴重；神澤葉蟎主要發生於夏、秋作栽培之新社地區。藥劑防治試驗結果已正式推薦者有75%賽滅淨（Cyromazine）W. P.防治番茄斑潛蠅，25.3%美文松（Mevinphos）E. C.、2.8%畢芬寧（Bifenthrin）及賽洛寧（Cyhalothrin）E. C.防治台灣花薊馬，2.8%賽洛寧E. C.及10%畢芬寧W. P.可分別防治神澤葉蟎及蚜蟲。應用藥劑與物理方法綜合防治可以減少害蟲為害損失。以75%賽滅淨W. P.加2.8%畢芬寧E. C.分為每隔7、14及21天三種不同施藥間隔及次數防治台灣花薊馬及番茄斑潛蠅結果，其間防治率及產量均差異不顯著。綜合上述結果，建議於豌豆播種後20～30天先施用2.8%畢芬寧E. C. 1,000倍加75%賽滅淨W. P. 5,000倍一次，以防止番茄斑潛蠅、台灣花薊馬及甜菜夜蛾為害，以後每15～20天施藥一次，施藥時除賽滅淨每次使用外，其他如美文松、畢芬寧及賽洛寧則輪流使用，以防治其他豌豆害蟲之為害。
並列摘要
Liriomyza bryoniae (Kalt.), Frankliniella intonsa Trybom, Spodoptera esigua Hubner, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), Helikcoverpa armigera Hubner, Maruca tesulalis (Geyer), Tetranychus kanzawai Ishida, Amrasca biguttula Ishida, Acyrthosiphous pisum Harrison, Trichoplusia ni Hubner and Bradybaena similaris are economic important insect pests on pea plants in Taiwan. Among them, L. bryoniae and S. litura infested the leaves and pods of plant; F. intonsa, S. exigua, H. armigera and M. tesulalis infested not only on leaves and pods, but also on flower buds. L. bryoniae and F. intonsa infested pea plants from about 20 days after sowing to harvesting, while S. exigua occurred from 20 to 60 days after sowing. On the other hand, T. kanzawai mainly appeared in summer and fall seasons, and A. pisum occurred in winter season from 30 to 90 days after sowing, S. litura, H. armigera and M. tesulalis only infested seriously on the pea plants at harvesting stage. Field tested indicated that 75% Cyromazine W. P. provided a satisfactory control of L. bryoniae; 25.3% Mevinphos E. C., 2.8% Cyhalothrin E. C. and 2.8% Bifenthrin E. C. were effective for control of F. intonsa; 2.8% Cyhalothrin E. C. and 10% Bifenthrin W. P. were hightly effective for control of T. kanzawai and A. pisum. Based on the occurrence and population fluctuation of the insect pests in fields, it is suggested to apply 2.8% Bifenthrin E. C. 1,000 X and 75% Cyromazine W. P. 5,000 X once during 20 to 30 days after sowing to control L. bryoniae, F. intonsa and S. exigua, and appling Cyromazine with Mevinphos or Bifenthrin or Cyhalothrin at 15 to 20 day intervals afterwards for controlling other insect pests.