非農藥資材對豌豆白粉病之防治試驗

Non-pesticide Control of Pea Powdery Mildew

邱筱筑(Hsiao-Chiu Chiu)

指導教授 ： 孫岩章

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/植物病理與微生物學研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.02028

摘要

豌豆性喜冷涼乾燥氣候，為高經濟作物，也是台灣冬季上市的精緻蔬菜。而白粉病（Erysiphe pisi）於秋末春初會大發生，且自生育初期即可感染，於開花期後發病嚴重，對於豌豆生長和產量都有極大之影響。一般白粉病多以化學防治為主，但因農藥殘留而受到消費者的疑慮，因此非農藥之防治之方法極待開發與研究。本研究係以重碳酸鹽、牛奶、冬青油、苦楝油和窄域油分別進行田間與溫室白粉病之防治試驗。結果在孢子發芽試驗中，各油劑處理、碳酸氫鈉處理和牛奶處理和對照組相比，均可顯著抑制孢子之發芽；而於溫室的二種重碳酸鹽防治白粉病試驗，發現添加Tween 20、無患子和0.2%Agar之重碳酸鹽防治效果較佳，碳酸氫鈉比碳酸氫鉀為優，其中以添加0.2%Agar之碳酸氫鈉500倍者效果最好且不造成藥害，防治率達75.5%。而田間處理發現植保手冊推薦用藥－10.5%平克座乳劑，已無顯著藥效，可能已有抗藥性之出現。另1%碳酸氫鈉且添加0.1%Tween 20及0.2%Agar的50%牛奶處理具有顯著的防治效果且會使葉片顏色增綠，但因濃度過過，本研究另測試發現會有藥斑出現。此外含0.2%碳酸氫鈉之冬青油、窄域油和苦楝油亦可減少豌豆蚜蟲Acyrthosiphon pisum與二點小綠葉蟬Amrasca biguttula的田間蟲口數，達到同步防治之效果。由以上的結果，謹建議農民可使用，可將冬青油、窄域油及苦楝油等，用以上防治豌豆白粉病，以代替慣行農藥，減少農藥之使用。

關鍵字

Erysiphe pisi ； 白粉病 ； 冬青油 ； 重碳酸鹽 ； 非農藥資材

並列摘要

The pea prefers the cool and dry climate, and is a high value crop in winter season in Taiwan. The powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe pisi, usually occurs in the period from autumn to spring. The disease can affect all parts of plants during the flowering stages, causing significant yield loss. The powdery mildew is mainly uncontrolled by chemical pesticides, but the pesticides residues are a big issue in food safety. The goal of this research, therefore, is to test the non-pesticide control methods, to reduce the use of chemical pesticides. The test materials include bicarbonate, milk, wintergreen oil, neem oil, and narrow range oil . both pot tests and field trials are conducted. The results showed that in the spore germination test, treatments of oil, sodium bicarbonate, or milk can suppress the spore germination. In pot test plant tests, two kinds of bicarbonate salts show high control rate against the powdery mildew, especially when Tween 20, soap berry, or 0.2%Agar are added to them. Between them, sodium bicarbonate performed better than the potassium bicarbonate. Sodium bicarbonate added with 0.2%Agar (500X) showed the best performance with the 75.5% control rate, and without any phytotoxicity. In this study we found that Erysiphe pisi is resistant to the 10.5% penconazole, which is recommended by Taiwan plant protection authority. The 50% milk amended with 10% sodium bicarbonate, 0.1% Tween 20 and 0.2% Agar, showed good control efficacy. The treated leaves became greener, despite the occurrence of phytotoxicity lesions. Results also showed that wintergreen oil, narrow range oil and neem oil with 0.2% sodium bicarbonate may simultaneously control the powdery mildew, pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and two-spot green leafhopper (Amrasca biguttula) in the field. These results suggested the wintergreen oil, narrow range oil and neem oil to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides.

並列關鍵字

Erysiphe pisi ； powdery mildew ； wintergreen oil ； bicarbonate salts

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