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太陽能防治土壤傳播性病害之機制
Mechanism of Solarization for Controlling Soilborne Disease
摘要
三月到九月之間在台中、屏東、埔里、彰化等地，利用0.025 mm厚的透明塑膠布覆蓋於土壤上經3～4週後，可以增加土壤溫度，並能降低土壤中病原菌Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum，F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani， F. oxysporum f. sp. apii及F. oxysporum的密度約75～100%。以透明塑膠布覆蓋土壤，在中午至午後三時許土壤溫度在0～15 cm深者可達47到50.5℃，15～30 cm深土溫可達到44℃，比不覆蓋的土溫高出9～10℃左右。上述三種病原菌經39～59℃之溫度處理，達到LD90的致死溫度和處理時間因病原菌不同而異。在45℃其致死時間分別為120、120及150 min；在49℃則為40、20及40 min。依本試驗結果顯示利用塑膠布覆蓋防治土壤傳播性病害時，需考慮病原菌對溫度之感受性，來決定覆蓋時間長短。
並列摘要
Studies of solarization for controlling soilborne disease were carried out in Taichung, Pingtung, Puli, and Changhuah regions, soils were mulched with transparent 0.0025 mm polyethylene sheets during the months of March to September for 3 to 4 weeks, and soil temperatures were there by increased. After tarping, the population of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii, F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi were reduced by 75 - 100%. Maximal temperatures in the mulched soils were 47 to 50.5℃ and 44℃ - 30 cm, respectively. Field experiments with watermelon, radish, and China aster showed that mulching with polyethylene sheets prior to planting reduced Fusarial wilt by 38.8 to 73.84%. Temperatures of 39 - 59℃ lethal to F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum, F. oxysporum f. sp. apii and F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani. At 45℃, exposure times for LD90 were 120, 150, and 120 min, respectively, for F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum, F. oxysporum f. sp. apii and F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani. At 49℃ LD90 values were 40, 40, and 20 min, respectively, for the same fungi. The exposure times and temperatures necessary to kill these fungi are useful for evaluting the progress of soil solarization under field conditions.