堆肥中多功能性微生物對植物病原菌抑制能力之研究

Suppressions of Phytopathogenic Fungi Using by Multifunctional Microorganisms from the Compost

辜國治(Kuo-Chih Ku)

指導教授 ： 羅朝村

國立虎尾科技大學/文理學院/生物科技研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6827/NFU.2013.00060

摘要

本論文研究之目的在探討運用植物性殘渣、果菜殘渣生廚餘，以及中草藥殘渣等，透過傳統資源化堆肥的方式，以及微生物應用科技培養控制；並在堆肥熟化過程中，進行分離與篩選具有抑制作物病原菌能力的微生物，以作為未來功能性堆肥之使用菌種。
本試驗主要以設定溫度40℃（中溫期）及溫度60℃（高溫期）之堆肥作為分離微生物的溫度，分別依不同的資材來源和不同的堆積階段各別採樣，並用一般培養基分離出來真菌、細菌及放線菌種類，結果計有84株真菌，199株細菌，及140株放線菌。再根據不同酵素分解能力，例如具澱粉、蛋白質、纖維素、脂肪、果膠（PG & PTE）等六種酵素分解能力的強弱，挑選至少具有三種能力以上的菌株(分別以A∼I作為堆肥菌株的代號)，再針對病原真菌如（1）Alternaria brassicicola（Ab），黑斑病菌（2）Colletotrichum higginsianum（Ch），炭疽病菌（3）Rhizoctonia solani（Rs），立枯絲核病菌（4）Sclerotiwa sclerotiorum（Ds），菌核病菌（5）Sclerotium rolfsii（Sc），白絹病菌（6）Fusarium oxysporum （Fo-43），莖腐病菌（7）Fusarium solani （Fs-69）苗枯病菌（8）Fusarium solani （Fs-75），根腐病菌等八株病原真菌，各別進行對峙培養；結果顯示，從堆肥中分離出來不同條件下的不同菌株，計有A（CB6H3-8-1）、B（CA6H15-6）、C（CA6H7-9）、D（CB6H8-4）、E(CB6H8-5）、F（CB6H14-6）、G（CA11-7）、H（CA17-1）、I（CB2-7）等，分別對地下部的植物性病原菌，如Rs、Ds、Sc、Fs-69、Fs-79等，以及對地上部的莖葉部位病原菌，如Ab、Ch、Fo-43等有抑制的效果；其中使用堆肥菌株A、E、F、G、H培養代謝液，從菌絲生長抑制效果測試記錄結果分析，相對於直接使用菌株，培養代謝液對病原菌的抑制效果較好。

關鍵字

生廚餘 ； 植物病原菌 ； 抑制 ； 代謝液

並列摘要

The purpose of this thesis is to determine the use of vegetable residue, fruit and vegetable residue raw food waste, and Chinese herb residues, which were fermented by conventional resources composting with appropriate operating techniques, such as modern machinery and facilities, as well as microbial application for manipulation management; during the fermentation process, the samples were taken to isolate and screen the effective microorganisms for plant disease control.
The investigations of this study were conducted to take samples from composts at temperature 40 °C (as medium-temperature stage) and temperature 60 °C (as high-temperature stage) and then to isolate microbials which based on different material sources and different piled stages. For isolation of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes species with general media, 84 strains of fungi, 199 strains of bacteria, and 140 strains of actinomycetes have been obtained. To get the multifunctional microbial for using in composting process, those isolated strains were tested on differential medium for their enzyme activities to degrade the starch, protein, cellulose, lipid, pectin (PG & PTE).The obtained strains were coden A to I, which have at least three kinds of enzyme activities. Those strains such as CB6H3-8-1, BCA6H15-6, CA6H7-9, CB6H8-4, CB6H8-5, CB6H14-6, CA11-7, CA17 - 1, CB2-7, were then used as candidate for detecting the ability of growth inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi such as Alternaria brassicicola（Ab）, Colletotrichum higginsianum（Ch）, Rhizoctonia solani（Rs）, sclerotiorum Sclerotiwa(Ds ), Sclerotium rolfsii(Sc), Fusarium oxysporum f sp. (Fo-43), Fusarium solani (Fs-69), Fusarium solani (Fs-75) etc. For dual culture of these multifuncton microbial and phytopathogens, those results revealed that those 8 strains above with various enzyme activities may suppress the soil-borne pathogens such as Rs, DS, Sc, Fs-69 Fs-79, as well as suppress the air-borne pathogens, such as Ab, Ch. Moreover, The culture filtrate of CB6H3-8-1, CB6H8-5, CB6H14-6, CA11-7 and CA17 – 1, showed more effective on mycelium growth inhibition of Ab, Ch and Fo-43 than that of the strain on solid medium for dual culture experiments.

並列關鍵字

raw food waste ； phytopathogens ； suppression ； filtrate

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