花生黃化扇斑病毒之寄主範圍、傳播及電子顯微鏡研究

Studies on Host Range, Transmission and Electron Microscopy of Peanut Chlorotic Fan-spot Virus in Taiwan

陳慶忠(Ching-Chung Chen) ； 趙佳鴻(Chia-Hung Chao) ； 邱人璋(Ren-Jong Chiu)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 52期 (1996/09) Pp. 59-68

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.199609.0059

摘要

1993年10月於中部地區花生上分離到一種tospovirus。罹病花生植株沿葉片主脈兩側產生規則扇型黃化輪斑，中心具環狀輪圈；另一型病斑是由許多暈狀黃化輪斑組合而成。以罹病葉片粗汁液機械接種8科30種植物，結果可以感染奎藜、煙草、曼陀羅等6科19種植物，多數接種植物均於接種葉產生黃化或壞疽病斑。在豇豆（Vigna sinensis）於未接種上位葉產生系統性黃化斑駁；在煙草（Nicotiana bethamiana）偶亦可於未接種之上位葉產生系統性壞疽斑點。陰染罹病花生葉片粗汁液在電顯下可觀察到大小75～100 nm之球形或豆莢形病毒粒子。超薄切片花生、豇豆、奎藜等罹病葉片組織，在電顯下可觀察到與粗汁液陰染相似之病毒粒子，多數病毒粒子聚集成束，外圍由內質網包圍或包含於液胞內。多數病毒粒子分佈於靠近細胞壁之細胞質內。本病毒可經由小黃薊馬（Scirthothrips dorsalis）以持續性方式媒介傳播，但不能經由玉米薊馬（Frankliniella williamsi）或南黃薊馬（Thripspalmi）傳播。根據病徵之特性，本病暫稱花生黃化扇斑病（peanut chlorotic fan-spot），有關本病毒與其他tospoviruses之血清學關係研究結果將另文發表。

關鍵字

花生 ； 黃化扇斑病毒 ； 形態 ； 寄主範圍 ； 傳播

並列摘要

In October 1993, a tospovirus was isolated from peanut in several counties in central Taiwan. The virus causes one or more fan-shaped, chlorotic spots with ring patterns or aggregated of faint chlorotic ringspots along the main veins of the leaflets. Lesions later turn into brown and necrotic. The virus was mechanically transmitted to 19 species in 8 families out of 30 species in 10 families of test plants, including Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. rustica, N. tatracum and Datura stramonium where it induced chlorotic and/or necrotic lesions on the inoculated leaves only. Yellow mottling from systemic infection appeared on upper leaves of V. sinensis. Necrotic lesions from systemic infection were also sometimes observed on upper leaves of N. benthamiana. In negative staining of crude sap of infective leaf tissue, most of PCFV particles were spherical, 75-100 nm in diameter, while some particles were distorted. All these particles were enveloped. Similar particles were observed in thin section preparation, most of them were clusted and distributed in the cytoplasm near by the cell wall. In screen house tests, Scirtothrip dorsalis transmitted the virus in a persistent manner while Frankliniella williamsi and Thrips palmi failed in doing so. According to the symptom characteristics, the peanut virus was tentatively referred to as peanut chlorotic fan-spot virus. Data related to the serology will be reported later.

並列關鍵字

Arachis hypogaea ； peanut chlorotic fan-spot virus ； morphology ； host plant ； transmission