有機農法栽培青花菜試驗

An Experiment on the Organic Farming of Broccoli

謝慶芳(Ching-Fang Hsieh) ； 徐國男(Kuo-Nan Hsu)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 53期 (1996/12) Pp. 35-40

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.199612.0035

摘要

本試驗是在彰化縣大村鄉台中區農業改良場本場農場進行。土壤屬於粘板岩沖積中性砂質壤土。本試驗計有四個處理，1.慣行農法區（全部化學肥料），2.折中農法區（化學肥料與豬糞堆肥各半），3.有機農法A區（豬糞堆肥），4.有機農法B區（雞糞堆肥）。試驗結果發現有機栽培區青花菜植株生長都較對照區好，花果顯著大而重，因而產量也顯著高於對照區，其中以雞糞堆肥區較慣行區增加26.2%最高，其次為豬糞堆肥區，增加18.3%，主要原因可能是慣行區的土壤肥力較差，特別是土壤呈強酸性反應，鹽分含量太高，而有機區的土壤肥力都較好，土壤呈中性反應，鹽分含量正常，有機質、有效磷，以及錳、鋅、銅等微量元素含量都較高並施用EM有益微生物等因素可能都有關係。至於折中區土壤肥力化驗結果雖與豬糞堆肥區和雞糞堆肥區相近，但其青花菜產量卻未增加而與對照區相似，可能是化學肥料與添加微生物之有機肥一起使用後產生頡抗作用而抑制了有機質之礦化作用及養分之吸收，因為青花菜植株化驗結果，折中區之氮、錳、鋅含量都顯著低於有機區和慣行區而有缺乏現象。此外有機區青花菜錳鎳含量都極顯著減少對其食用品質可能有負面或正面影響。本試驗初期曾經發生蚜虫為害主要噴射香茅油、薄荷油、樟腦油混合液二次加以防治，另有紋白蝶幼虫為害，約每1～2星期噴射一次糖木醋液添加蘇力菌即達到防治效果。

關鍵字

青花菜 ； 有機栽培

並列摘要

This experiment was conducted in the farm of Taichung District Agricultural Experiment Station at Datsuen in Changhua Hsien. The soil of the experiment plot is a slate alluvial neutral sandy loam. The whole experiment consisted of the four treatments as follows: 1. conventional farming, 2. half way organic farming with effective microorganisms (EM), 3. organic farming with hog manure compost and EM, 4. organic farming with chicken manure compost and EM.The results of the experiment showed that the growth of broccoli plants in the organic treatments were better than that of the control. The size and weight of broccoli were significantly bigger and heavier in the organic treatments than those in the control, therefore the flower yields in organic treatments were significantly higher. Among them the yield of chicken manure compost treatment was the highest, 26.2% higher than that of the control, followed by hog manure compost treatment, 18.3% higher. This significant increases in yield seemed to be mainly coming from the better soil fertility factors such as lower salinity, higher organic matter, higher available phosphorus and microelements and the application of effective microorganisms(EM)in the organic treatments.However it was difficult to explain that why with the same soil fertility conditions as the organic treatments, the half way organic treatment only showed similar yield performance as the control. It was possible that combination of chemical fertilizers in the compost with EM in the half way treatment caused the antagonistic effect to affect the mineralization and uptake of soil nutrient elements. Because chemical analyses revealed that the nitrogen, Mn, and Zn in the broccoli plants in the half way treatment was significantly lower than those in the control showing the tendency of deficiency. In this experiment the very significantly lower Mn and Ni contents in the broccoli flower in the two organic treatments may have positive or negative effect to the quality of broccoli flower.During this experiment sugar-wood vinegar with Bacillus thuringiensis was sprayed at 1-2 weeks interval to control cabbage worm, and a mixture of citronella oil, peppermint oil and camphor oil was sprayed twice to control aphid in the early stage of growth.

並列關鍵字

broccoli ； organic farming